Bayesian inference about the extinction of a species based on a record of its sightings requires the specification of a prior distribution for extinction time. Here, I critically review some specifications in the context of a specific model of the sighting record. The practical implication of the choice of prior distribution is illustrated through an application to the sighting record of the Ca...

Since 1980, the white-browed crake (Porzana cinerea) has been experiencing an expansion from south of the Isthmus of Kra, northward to China. Recently, this species was observed in several locations throughout Southwest China, including Ningming and Baise, Guangxi (2012, 2013), and Xichang, Sichuan (2013). These sightings are the first distribution record of this species in mainland China, sugg...

computers are used everywhere from home to work these days, thus the effects on the visual system will be more noticeable every day. problems associated with computer usage are generally known as the computer vision syndrome (cvs).these problems include eye fatigue, irritation ,redness , blurred vision and dry eye. all of these problems have adverse effects on individuals in the long term and r...

eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (emdr) process encompasses several nervous system components such as medulla, pons, midbrain, cerebellum, basal ganglia, parietal, frontal and occipital lobes. the role of eye movement (em) has been documented previously in relation with cognitive processing mechanisms. by emdr we can reach some parts of memory which were inaccessible before and als...

based on shipboard surveys off California, Oregon and Washington, 1991-96 (see Appendix 2, Figures 3-5, for data sources and information on timing and location of survey effort). No Delphinus sightings have been made off Oregon and Washington. Dashed line represents the U.S. EEZ, thick line indicates the outer boundary of all surveys combined. Revised 12/15/2000 SHORT-BEAKED COMMON DOLPHIN (Del...

In the Norwegian minke whale surveys, the position of an observed whale relative to the vessel is given by the radial distance and the angle from the transect line. In the present paper, the bias and the variability in the observed radial distances and angles is estimated from buoy sighting experiments. The variability of observed angles is further modified by using data for duplicate observati...

based on shipboard surveys off California, Oregon and Washington, 1991-96 (see Appendix 2, Figures 3-5, for data sources and information on timing and location of survey effort). No Delphinus sightings have been made off Oregon and Washington. Dashed line represents the U.S. EEZ, thick line indicates the outer boundary of all surveys combined. Revised 12/15/2000 LONG-BEAKED COMMON DOLPHIN (Delp...

Monitoring the spreading of marine invasive species represents one most relevant challenges for scientists in order to understand their impact on environment. In recent years, citizen science is becoming more and involved research programs, especially taking advantage new digital technologies. Here, we present results obtained first 20 months (from 12 July 2019 8 March 2021) since launching avv...