Extraskeletal Chondroma (ESC) is uncommon which occurs predominantly in hands and feet. It has a variable histology, with two thirds of the ESCs showing mature hyaline cartilage which is arranged in distinct lobules with fibrosis, or ossification, or myxoid areas and few showing immature patterns, with chondroblasts mimicking extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas (ESMCSs). ESCs can recur but the...

Resection for a mass in the proximal thigh was performed on a 57-year-old woman, the diagnosis of which was extraskeletal osteosarcoma. In pathological findings, tumor cells gradually decreased from the central area of the mass composed of spindle cell sarcoma and were replaced by fibrocollagenous tissue with no sarcoma cells. CD8(+), T-cell-restricted intracellular antigen-1 (TIA-1)(+), granzy...

Chondral tumors in soft tissue are referred to as soft-tissue chondromas or extraskeletal chondromas, or as synovial chondromatosis if they arise in synovial tissue. We report the case of a 29-year-old man with synovial chondromatosis, also called synovial osteochondromatosis, which appeared in a solitary and extra-articular form. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography, the...

Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare, non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis of unknown etiology, characterized by multi-organ involvement. ECD is usually diagnosed on the basis of characteristic radiologic and histopathological findings. Lesions may be skeletal and/or extraskeletal in location, and may include the skin, lung, heart, and central nervous system. We describe here a 68-year-old man ...

Vitamin D is known for its role in calcium homeostasis for optimal skeletal health. It was previously believed that only elderly or hospitalized patients were at risk for vitamin D insufficiency, but many people in the general US population have insufficient levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D). According to the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 61% of white and 91% of blac...

Osteosarcomas arising from extraskeletal locations are extremely rare and their true prevalence is unknown. We describe a case of soft tissue-origin-osteosarcoma arising from the vastus medialis muscle in a 58-year old woman. The possibility of a malignant tumour was not suspected initially and she was referred to a specialist unit only one year after the onset of the swelling. She was successf...

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare genetic disease characterized by extraskeletal bone formation through endochondral ossification. FOP patients harbor point mutations in ACVR1 (also known as ALK2), a type I receptor for bone morphogenetic protein (BMP). Two mechanisms of mutated ACVR1 (FOP-ACVR1) have been proposed: ligand-independent constitutive activity and ligand-depende...

The Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors is an uncommon group of malignant neoplasms that may be located in both skeletal and extraskeletal regions. Extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma (EES) is quite rare and predominantly involves the soft tissues of the trunk or the extremities. Herein, we report the case of a 19-year-old female patient who complained of left arm pain. Simple chest radiography revealed...

BACKGROUND Extraskeletal cartilaginous tumors are uncommon. Osteochondromas usually arise from the metaphyseal region of the growing skeleton. CASE PRESENTATION A 53 year old man presented with a three years history of anterior knee pain and inability to flex his knee more than 90 degrees . Clinical examination and imaging studies revealed a nodular calcific mass in the anterior portion of th...

BACKGROUND Extraskeletal osteosarcomas (ESOS) of the mediastinum are extremely rare and may present with concurrent nontuberculous mycobacteria infection. CASE REPORT We present the second documented case of high-grade anterior mediastinal extraskeletal osteosarcoma in a 59-year-old man with a history of treated, latent tuberculosis (TB). Sputum samples grew Mycoplasma avium complex and Mycobac...