Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) induces somatic hypermutation (SHM), class switch recombination (CSR), and immunoglobulin gene conversion in B-lymphocytes. Here we report for the first time the expression of AID in healthy human B-lymphocytes and in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHL). AID mRNA expression in humans is restricted to the CD19(+)CD38(+)IgD(-) germinal center cells, na...

malignant lymphoma may occur in the oral cavity and oropharynx, but is most commonly located in waldeyer's ring, particularly in the palatine and lingual tonsil. the occurrence of malignant lymphoma in the tongue is very rare. clinical features are nonspecific ulcerative lesions that do not heal. in the literature, the majority of cases are non-hodgkin’s lymphoma, diffuse large b cell type; how...

Primary lymphoma of the bladder is extremely rare. It represents less than 0.2% of all extranodal primary lymphomas and is usually extranodal marginal-zone B cell lymphoma of mucosaassociated lymphoid tissue (MALT).1 We herein report a case of primary MALT lymphoma of the bladder in a 77-year-old female patient who was successfully treated with radiotherapy. This lymphomawas not diagnosed earli...

Although diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) usually occurs in the lymph nodes, approximately 30-40% of the time it can have an extranodal site of involvement and it can arise in nearly every body site such as intestine, bone, breast, liver, skin, lung, and central nervous system. Muscle involvement of DLBCL is especially uncommon, comprising 0.5% of extranodal NHL. We report a case of a 72-y...

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is an extranodal indolent lymphoma with histopatholigic features similar to those of marginal zone B-cell lymphomas. Primary breast MALT lymphomas were first described by Lamovec and Jancar as a low-grade B-cell lymphoma in 1987. Herein, a case is presented of a patient with primary MALT lymphoma of the breast. Issues in diagnosis and breast-con...

Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL)s, the most common type of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, constitute a heterogeneous group disorders including different disease sites, strikingly diverse molecular features and profound variability in clinical behavior. Molecular studies trials have partially revealed underlying causes for this made possible recognition some variants susceptible specific therapeu...

Cold agglutinin disease (CAD) is an autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) generally caused by IgM autoantibodies which exhibit maximal reactivity at 4°C. CAD can be idiopathic or secondary to some diseases and/or conditions. Only a minority of cases of secondary AIHA in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) are associated with cold antibodies. Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtyp...

Objective To discuss the clinical value of immunoglobulin gene rearrangements in the diagnosis of B-cell lymphoma. Methods A total of 209 cases of B-cell lymphomas and 35 cases of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia were selected for DNA extraction and PCR amplification using the BIOMED-2 primer system. Gel electrophoresis of heteroduplexes was used to analyze immunoglobulin gene rearrangements. ...

Approximately one-third of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) arise primarily from sites other than lymph nodes, spleen or the bone marrow and even from sites which normally contain no native lymphoid tissue [1, 2]. Indeed, extranodal lymphomas can arise in almost every organ [1, 2]. However most of the presentations appears to be clustered in a few sites: skin, stomach, brain, small intestine and—wh...