Our understanding of the role of oestrogens in both males and females has expanded greatly in recent years. Hitherto unanticipated roles have emerged that question the very definitions of the terms ‘oestrogen’ and ‘androgen’ as they are currently used. Considerable emphasis has been placed on the regulation of extragonadal oestrogen biosynthesis, in particular that which occurs in adipose tissu...

We report a rare case of a retroperitoneal germ cell tumor in a 31 years old male who presented with an acute abdomen. He gave a six-months history of back pain and significant weight loss. Clinical examination and ultrasound of the testes didn't show any primary focus. Intraoperative findings showed a retrolperitoneal midline mass that has ruptured into the peritoneal cavity and has invaded in...

We report the chromosomal characteristics of a recurrent pineal non-seminomatous germ cell tumor in a 16-year-old male patient. This non-seminomatous tumor had the following components: embryonal carcinoma, teratoma, yolk sac tumor, and trophoblastic giant cells. Chromosome analysis showed a near-triploid karyotype (64 chromosomes), including two copies of an isochromosome 12p. This latter find...

Teratoma is the most commonly encountered germ cell tumour among the most common ovarian tumours; however, teratomas of the omentum and mesentery are extremely rare. They are usually asymptomatic or can produce compressive symptoms. The imaging features are suggestive. The present report describes such a case of primary omental teratoma encountered in a young patient, which was managed by surgi...

A monoclonal antibody (M2A, IgG2a) was produced against a cultured human ovarian epithelial adenocarcinoma cell line, HEY. Monoclonal antibody M2A reacted with a glycoprotein of molecular weight 40,000 on the surface of HEY cells. The affinity constant of the monoclonal antibody M2A for HEY cells was 10(9) M-1, and the number of binding sites on HEY cells was 2 X 10(4) per cell. The monoclonal ...

Fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) in association with metastatic cancer, without evidence of liver metastases, has not been previously reported in the literature. This report concerns a case of FHF in a 36-year-old man with advanced germ cell tumour arising from an extragonadal (retroperitoneal) primary. Liver function and encephalopathy improved following chemotherapy, suggesting prompt diagnosi...

Mediastinal germ cell tumors are extragonadal germ cell tumors (EGGCTs) commonly seen in children and young adults. They are more common in men. Clinically they are classified as teratomas, seminomas, and nonseminomatous germ cell tumors. Primary mediastinal yolk sac neoplasm is an extremely rare tumor. We present here a very rare case of primary yolk sac tumor of the anterior mediastinum in a ...

Ovarian failure leading to infertility can be caused by improper prenatal development of the fetal gonad or disruption of the complex postnatal process of folliculogenesis due to alterations in intragonadal or extragonadal regulation. It is critical to have physiological models that mimic events occurring during human development to understand, treat, and prevent ovarian failure in women. Many ...