The ways in which the sciences have been delineated and categorized throughout history provide insights into the formation, stabilization, and establishment of scientific systems of knowledge. The Dresdener school’s approach for explaining and categorizing the genesis of the engineering disciplines is still valid, but needs to be complemented by further-reaching methodological and theoretical r...

In this paper an attempt has been made to correlate the usefulness of electrodes made through powder metallurgy (PM) in comparison with conventional copper electrode during electric discharge machining. Experimental results are presented on electric discharge machining of AISI D2 steel in kerosene with copper tungsten (30% Cu and 70% W) tool electrode made through powder metallurgy (PM) techniq...

The article presents the most common directions of changes in capital groups in the sector of metallurgy around the world and in Poland. During the observation of the restructuring activities in metallurgy the attention was turned to the integration of the capital groups, capital outsourcing and contract outsourcing, creation and the takeover of the dependent companies. The meaning of the capit...

Powder metallurgy techniques have been used to produce controlled porous structures, such as the porous coatings applied for dental and orthopedic surgical implants, which allow bony tissue ingrowth within the implant surface improving fixation. This work presents the processing and characterization of titanium porous coatings of different porosity levels, processed through powder metallurgy te...

A reference extractive, containing multiple active known compounds, has been considered to be an alternative to individual reference standards. However, in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (ChP) the great majority of reference extractives have been primarily used for qualitative identification by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and few studies on the applicability of reference extractives for quantita...

The exploitation of massive rare-earth element (REE) deposits is frequently contested because the pollution generated by heavy mining operations and REE extractive metallurgy operations. In an effort to minimise environmental footprint production meet increasing demand for these elements, mine wastes tailings are attracting attention as alternative primary sources. However, residues contain sma...

Modern trends in iron metallurgy. Global carbon emissions from iron production. New solution for iron and steelmaking in a way reduce the CO2 emission to the level, where this might be needed in the post Kyoto period. New blast furnace technology, which operate with very low CO2 emissions based on drastically reduced consumption of carbon containing input materials. Injection of reducing gases ...

ion of documents by humans is complex to model as is any other information processing by humans. The abstracts differ from person to person, and usually vary in the style, language and detail. The process of abstraction is complex to be formulated mathematically or logically [14]. In the last decade some systems have been developed that generate abstractions using the latest natural language pr...

Text Summarization is condensing the source text into a shorter version preserving its information content and overall meaning. It is very difficult for human beings to manually summarize large documents of text. Text Summarization methods can be classified into extractive and abstractive summarization. An extractive summarization method consists of selecting important sentences, paragraphs etc...

Water markets are developing as part of a Council of Australian Governments initiative to promote an efficient use of Australia's water resources. The consequences of these policies on river health is yet to be fully understood, but recognised as having significant interrelationships which need to be explored. This paper examines the consequences of introducing trade and allocating water for en...