concrete is one of the most important construction materials widely using in hydraulic structures, such as lining of irrigation canals. concrete durability might be decreased due to the environmental or inner factors with physical, chemical or mechanical reactions. since, the climatologically condition is variable in most part of the country, local studies are needed to evaluate of the weakness...

AIM The aim of this in-vivo study was to assess the incidence of three roots and four root canals in clinical cases of root-treated mandibular first molars in a Saudi Arabian population. METHODOLOGY A clinical study of 251 root-canal treated permanent mandibular first molars was conducted. The teeth were examined clinically and radiographically. RESULTS The results showed that 5.97% of the ...

Purpose. The aim of this paper is to present cases of mandibular first molars with an additional distolingual root and their management using appropriate instruments and techniques. Basic Procedures and Main Findings. Mandibular molars can sometimes present a variation called radix entomolaris, wherein the tooth has an extra root attached to its lingual aspect. This additional root may complica...

In general, maxillary canines contain only single root and root canals, therefore, only few recent studies regarding maxillary canines with two root canals have been reported. This case report will demonstrate a maxillary canine is composed with two root canals which are completely separated, therefore, it will generate more precise understanding of anatomical variations of the maxillary canine...

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The knowledge of the pulp anatomy plays an important role in the success of endodontic treatments. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the root and canal morphology of the mandibular second molar teeth in an Iranian population. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred intact human mandibular second molars were collected. The teeth were examined visually and the numbe...

INTRODUCTION Broken instruments in root canals complicate routine endodontic treatment. This study aimed to compare apical microleakage in root canals containing broken rotary instruments filled with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement, laterally compacted gutta-percha and injected gutta-percha. METHODS AND MATERIALS In this in vitro, experimental study, 80...

The vestibular apparatus plays a fundamental role in equilibrioception. It is located in the inner ear and it substantially comprises otoliths, which indicate linear acceleration, and semicircular canals, which detect rotational acceleration. In this paper models of different complexity of the semicircular canals are reported and discussed: a monocanal hydro-elastic model and a three-canals mod...

Root canal calcification is considered a great challenge during root canal treatment. Although the application of ultrasonic instruments and dental operating microscope (DOM) has advantages, dealing with calcified root canals still suffers a great risk of failure because of limited information about the location, length, and direction of obliteration on periapical radiographs. In this work, a c...

OBJECTIVE Retreatment of a root canal in the case of infection requires complete removal of previous filling material. This study evaluated the efficacy of 3 techniques in removing laterally compacted Resilon/Epiphany and gutta-percha/AH Plus from straight and curved canals during retreatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Extracted human teeth (90 maxillary anterior teeth with single,straight root c...