In this paper, we study the magnetic switching of submicron-sized ferromagnetic thin films under thermal noise and external field. It is shown that the presence of the noise makes the switching easier with weaker external fields and induces more intermediate metastable states in the switching pathways. Different switching pathways are preferred at different temperatures. A quantitative relation...

Behavior of complex software may be changed depending on external environment such as user pro le, available resources, input data, time, and so on. Design of such dynamic software in conventional languages needs extra e ort to keep consistency among behaviors for all states. In this paper, we propose an object oriented visual language for dynamic software and its visualized speci cation with d...

We question the use of stable asymptotic scattering states in QED of strong magnetic elds. To correctly describe excited Landau states and photons above the pair creation threshold the asymptotic elds are chosen as generalized Licht elds. In this way the o -shell behavior of unstable particles is automatically taken into account, and the resonant divergences that occur in scattering cross secti...