STUDY DESIGN Randomized clinical trial. OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of attentional focus instructions during training on the transfer of a learned balance capability to a more challenging condition among subjects with ankle ligament injury. BACKGROUND Current evidence suggests that instructions inducing an external focus of attention may be more effective at promoting learning than inst...

Studies investigating the influence of the learner's focus of attention, induced by instructions or feedback, on motor skill learning are reviewed. In general, directing performers' attention to the effects of their movements (external focus of attention) appears to be more beneficial than directing their attention to their own movements (internal focus of attention). Preliminary evidence is pr...

Product innovation is a key achievement by which firm can not only build up its competitive advantages but also prolong survival in the open market environment. By understanding as social system pursuing both efficiency and effectiveness, this study examines three factors that independently enable product through theoretical lens of approach: strategic attention, external information sources, a...

A set of brain regions known as the default network increases its activity when focus on the external world is relaxed. During such moments, participants change their focus of external attention and engage in spontaneous cognitive processes including remembering the past and imagining the future. However, the functional contributions of the default network to shifts in external attention versus...

The present experiment was designed to test the predictions of the constrained-action hypothesis. This hypothesis proposes that when performers utilize an internal focus of attention (focus on their movements) they may actually constrain or interfere with automatic control processes that would normally regulate the movement, whereas an external focus of attention (focus on the movement effect) ...

BACKGROUND The present study examined whether the learning benefits of an external focus of attention (i.e., on the movement effect) relative to an internal focus (i.e. on the movement), found previously in non-disabled children and adults would also be found in children with intellectual disabilities (IDs). METHODS Participants (n = 24; average age: 12.2 years) with mild intellectual deficie...

Research suggests that implicit strategies adopted during learning help prevent breakdown of automatic processes and subsequent performance decrements associated with the presence of pressure. According to the Constrained Action Hypothesis, automaticity of movement is promoted when adopting an external focus of attention. The purpose of the current experiment was to investigate if learning with...