OBJECTIVES: To compare the estimated first-line treatment costs of extended-release tolterodine versus controlled-release oxybutynin in patients with overactive bladder patients (OAB). METHODS: Data from a randomized clinical trial (Curr Med Res Opin 2002; 18:177–184), showing greater improvement in bladder condition for patients taking extended-release tolterodine compared to controlled-releas...

OBJECTIVE To compare the estimated first-line treatment costs of extended-release tolterodine versus controlled-release oxybutynin in patients with overactive bladder (OAB). METHODS We developed a decision-analysis model to estimate the patterns of treatment, resource consumption, and cost impact of treating OAB with either controlled-release oxybutynin or extended-release tolterodine as firs...

wastewater of hospitals can cause many risks to public health due to having a variety of pathogenic microorganisms, pharmaceutical substances, and other hazardous toxic substances. the aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical quality of effluents from wastewater treatment plant of falsafi hospital and hakim jorjani hospital in gorgan, iran, and to compare them technically and economically...

We consider mixed cost allocation problems, i.e., joint cost problems in which there are two types of heterogeneous outputs : Divis-ible and indivisible ones. The Aumann-Shapley price mechanism is extended to this setting. We also present a set of properties which characterize this cost sharing rule.

The core-based approach in multipoint communication enhances the solution space in terms of QoS-efficiency of solutions in interand intra-domain routing. In an earlier work [A. Karaman, H.S. Hassanein, Extended QoS-framework for Delay-constrained Group Communication, International Journal of Communication Systems, in press.], we showed that the constrained cost minimization solutions in core-ba...

Abstract Current research has shown that the costs of manufacturing parts by selective laser melting (SLM) process are higher than production using conventional techniques. This paper aims to extend a cost analysis method for metallic based on CAD data including hot isostatic pressing as heat treatment in SLM technique. The proposed includes all pre- and post-processing steps linked allows dete...

PURPOSE To assess the clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness of emergency thrombolysis as a treatment strategy for thromboembolic intracerebral events. METHODS Thirty-four patients with symptoms suggestive of middle cerebral artery occlusion were included. Eight of these patients were treated with intraarterial urokinase. Effectiveness was determined by comparing the admission National Inst...