This study examines the impact of exports, imports, and trade openness on Namibia’s economic growth using ARDL cointegration method. The results reveal a significant negative relationship between imports growth, while exports show positive relationships with growth. Moreover, short-term is driven by openness. findings suggest that liberalisation export-led are crucial for development. Overall, ...

The purpose of this study is to examine equilibrium relationships and dynamic causality between economic growth (measured as GDP), exports, imports in Jordan using time-series data 1976 2021. In particular, research attempts determine exports-led growth, imports-led growth-led both the short-run long-run. four datasets, GDP, merchandise imports, gross capital formation, were examined Dickey–Ful...

Since the late 1990s, reported U.S. imports from China and Hong Kong have regularly and increasingly exceeded reported exports of China and Hong Kong to the United States. This discrepancy, which is not caused by re-exporting through Hong Kong, varies by product categories, and in some cases takes the opposite sign. In this paper, we focus on China’s direct exports to the United States. Using a...

This study uses the Gregory–Hansen cointegration method and vector error correction model in autoregression system to reveal how international trade contributes economic sustainability. The test for reveals a permanent equilibrium relation among sustainably growth, exports, imports shows that exports facilitate GDP growth accelerate improvements capability of long-run. causality between is unid...

This study's primary purpose is to determine and assess the impact of exports, imports, manufacturing in Indonesia from 1990 2019. The secondary data utilized by researcher this study spans years Imports exports commodities services 1990s, when there was no import-export ease, compared 1998, had ease. issue that a monetary crisis caused Indonesia's economic structure become somewhat disorganize...

When cholera broke out in Mozambique, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda in 1997, an urgent measure was filed with the Sanitary and Phytosanitary Committee of the World Trade Organization, by the European Union, citing the protection of human health, to limit imports of fish products. The authors analysed import data on specified products over time to quantify the trade impact of this measure. Using pr...

abstract:this study examines the significant impact of exchange rate shock on prices of malaysian importsand exports. in methodology, the study adopts vector error correction (vecm) model using monthlydata of nominal exchange rates, money supply, prices of imports and prices of exports covering theperiod of m1:1999 to m12:2006. for further analysis, we adopt an innovation accounting bysimulatin...

The UK textile industry was very prosperous in the past but in the 1970s Britain started to import textile materials from abroad. Since 1990, half of its textile materials have been imported from the EEA (European Economic Area), ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) and North America countries. Meanwhile, UK imports from China have increased dramatically. Through comparisons, this pap...

abstract the objective of this study is to investigate the long run and short run interactions between agricultural trade liberalization and shares of the two sectors of agriculture and services in the total export and import products and services of iran during the years 1961-2008. to figure out interactions, the vector correction model was used. the ratio of the sum of imports and exports to ...