Legal liability for accidents determines the circumstances under which injurers must compensate injurers for harm. The effects of liability on incentives to reduce risk, on risk-bearing and insurance (both direct coverage for victims and liability coverage for injurers), and on administrative expenses are considered. Liability is also compared to other methods of controlling harmful activities,...

Arup has undertaken security risk assessments for designs and analyses of major infrastructure projects. As part of engineering team efforts, Arup Risk Consulting performs risk assessments and supports decision analyses for threats of explosives and chemical, biological or radiological agents for buildings, urban transit centres, bridges, public bus systems and airport facilities. The work is t...

X-ray devices have demonstrated the ability to characterize a material at the molecular and atomic levels. This ability is particularly important for detecting plastic explosives, where object shape information cannot be used. X-ray devices are relatively inexpensive compared to many other detection technologies. X-ray technology is considered as the technology for detecting illicit materials. ...

oil at more than 30 munitions sites across the United States is contaminated with explosives. The U.S. military has discovered that the composting process, and the use of finished (mature, cured) compost can effectively remediate munitions-contaminated soils. To incorporate such soil into the composting process, the soil is excavated and mixed with other feedstocks. The end-product is a contami...

For reliable detection of explosives, a combination of methods integrated within a single measurement platform may increase detection performance. However, the efficient field testing of such measurement platforms requires the use of inexplosive simulants that are detectable by a wide range of methods. Physical parameters such as simulant density, elemental composition and crystalline structure...

This paper describes a range of theoretical studies into the likely properties of poly-nitrogen molecules (Nn, n>3). In particular, we describe the approach we have used to assess the potential detonation performance of this class of material, and illustrate this with a number of example calculations. We also discuss the implications and limitations of these predictions. In addition, we describ...

This paper documents the successful application of explosive compaction technology for the densification of granular soils using case history data from a number of sites. The data include densification projects in urban areas, for dam foundations and for offshore structures. The paper provides general background information on the theory of explosive compaction of soils, design considerations, ...

The high-pressure, high-temperature epsilon-form of the widely used explosive RDX has been structurally characterised using a combination of diffraction techniques, and a sample of this form has been successfully recovered to ambient pressure.

Thermal explosion problem for a medium with oscillating ambient temperature at its boundaries is considered. This is a new problem in thermal explosion theory, not previously considered in a distributed system formulation, but important for combustion and fire science. It describes autoignition of wide range of fires (such as but not limited to piles of biosolids and other organic matter; stora...

oil at more than 30 munitions sites across the United States is contaminated with explosives. The U.S. military has discovered that the composting process, and the use of finished (mature, cured) compost can effectively remediate munitions-contaminated soils. To incorporate such soil into the composting process, the soil is excavated and mixed with other feedstocks. The end-product is a contami...