Three experiments investigated the effects of two variables -selective attention during encoding and delay between study and test- on implicit (picture fragment completion and object naming) and explicit (free recall and recognition) memory tests. Experiments 1 and 2 consistently indicated that (a) at all delays (immediate to 1 month), picture-fragment identification threshold was lower for the...

It is well-documented that explicit memory (e.g., recognition) declines with age. In contrast, many argue that implicit memory (e.g., priming) is preserved in healthy aging. For example, priming on tasks such as perceptual identification is often not statistically different in groups of young and older adults. Such observations are commonly taken as evidence for distinct explicit and implicit l...

Considerable research has attempted to elucidate the relation between implicit and explicit forms of memory. This talk focuses on the specificity of implicit and explicit memory: the extent to which, and sense in which, memory performance reflects retention of specific features of a stimulus that was perceived during a study episode, the formation of a specific association between two previousl...

In three experiments with 164 individuals between 4 and 80 years old, we examined age-related changes in explicit memory for three perceptual features—item identity, color, and location. In Experiments 1–2, feature recognition was assessed in an incidental learning, gamelike task resembling the game Concentration. In Experiment 3, feature recognition was assessed using a pencil-and-paper task a...

Memory-based learning algorithms lack a mechanism for tracking time-varying associative mappings. To widen their applicability, they must incorporate explicit forgetting algorithms to selectively delete observations. We describe Time-Weighted, Locally-Weighted and Performance-Error Weighted forgetting algorithms. These were evaluated with a Nearest-Neighbor Learner in a simple classification ta...

Although both the object and the observer often move in natural environments, the effect of motion on visual object recognition ha not been well documented. The authors examined the effect of a reversal in the direction of rotation on both explicit and implicit memory for novel, 3-dimensional objects. Participants viewed a series of continuously rotating objects and later made either an old-new...