this study examined the effect of explicit instruction of hedging on english forspecific academic purposes (esap) reading comprehension performance ofenglish language learning (ell) university students. a reading comprehensiontest was developed and validated as the pretest and the posttest. the test, includingitems for assessing the comprehension of the students in their area of specialization,...

During the last decade, Kriging-based sequential algorithms like EGO [2] and its variants have become reference optimization methods in computer experiments. Such algorithms rely on the iterative maximization of a sampling criterion, the expected improvement (EI), which takes advantage of Kriging conditional distributions to make an explicit trade-off between promizing and uncertain search spac...

According to Hyland  (2000),  metadiscourse  is  recognized  as  an  important  means  of  facilitating  communication, supporting a writer's position, and building a relationship with an audience. This study aims to investigate the impact of explicit instruction of metadiscourse markers on EFL learners' listening comprehension. The participants of this study were 50 undergraduate students majo...

Modern microprocessors schedule instructions dynamically in order to exploit instruction level parallelism. It is necessary to increase instruction window size for improving instruction scheduling capability. However, it is di cult to increase the size without any serious impact on processor performance, since the instruction window is one of the dominant deciding processor cycle time. The reas...