A newly designed gas-sampling device using end-tidal CO(2) to separate dead space gas from alveolar gas was evaluated in 12 mechanically ventilated patients. For that purpose, CO(2)-controlled sampling was compared with mixed expiratory sampling. Alveolar sampling valves were easily controlled via CO(2) concentration. Concentrations of four volatile substances were determined in the expired and...

Carbon monoxide is one of the most common toxins encountered in work settings, the gas being emitted in situations where there is incomplete combustion of carbon-containing substances. Its acute and chronic health effects have been well-documented. While identification of dangerous situations and evaluation of control measures are conducted by environmental monitoring, the body burden due to in...

Continued global economic instability and uncer-tainty is causing difficulties in predicting sales. As a result, many sectors decision-makers are facing new, pressing challenges. In supply chain management, the food industry key sector which sales movement demand forecasting for products more difficult to predict. Accurate helps minimize stored expired items across individual stores and, thus, ...

The water analogue provides a visual model of the process of anaesthetic exchange. In the standard version, a single pipe connects the mouth container to the lung container and the conductance of this mouth-lung pipe is proportional to alveolar ventilation. This implies that inspired and expired ventilations are equal. In fact, with high inspired concentrations of nitrous oxide, early rapid upt...

In vivo experiments were conducted on spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in sea water to determine the potential role of externally oriented or gill boundary layer carbonic anhydrase in carbon dioxide excretion. This was accomplished by assessing pH changes in expired water using a stopped-flow apparatus. In dogfish, expired water was in acid-base disequil...