It is well known that the gut microbiota regulates homeostasis of the digestive system; however, the mechanisms involved have been difficult to uncover. By manipulating the germ environment of Drosophila alongside genomic analyses of its symbiont, Acetobacter pomorum, Shin et al. (2011) deduce a pathway that relies on the collaboration between a bacterial enzymatic reaction and the host insulin...

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Biologics are essential to oncology care. As patents for older biologics begin to expire, the United States is developing an abbreviated regulatory process for the approval of similar biologics (biosimilars), which raises important considerations for the safe and appropriate incorporation of biosimilars into clinical practice for patients with cancer. The potential for biosimilars to reduce the...

The Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a network technology that can satisfy the quality-of-service requirements of many different types of traffic. The ability of ATM to handle many different types of traffic and its ability to operate at high bandwidths position it to be one of the core technologies behind future broadband wide area networks and the Internet. To provide quality-of-service gu...

The costs of developing a probiotic or prebiotic ingredient have always been substantial. Ingredient characterization, evaluation of technological and physiological properties, and demonstrations of safety and clinical efficacy require expensive research. The demanding regulatory requirements imposed by EFSA raise the bar even higher so that the costs of acquiring the necessary clinical evidenc...

HIBERNATING MAMMALS MAINTAIN effective cardiac action and circulation at temperatures of 5OC for prolonged periods of time [13, 15, 191. Nonhibernatom, on the other hand, undergo cardiac failure and expire at low body temperatures unless rewarmed and resuscitated within a short time [3, 171. Artificial circulation with a pump oxygenator has improved the tolerance of profound hypothermia and dog...

In this paper, we consider a stochastic SIRS model with parameter perturbation, which is a standard technique in modeling population dynamics. In our model, the disease transmission coefficient and the removal rates are all affected by noise. We show that the stochastic model has a unique positive solution as it is essential in any population model. Then we establish conditions for extinction o...

Patents on many blockbuster drugs will expire in the near future, opening up the doorways for generic production. Brandname drug companies lose an estimated half of their U.S. sales during the first six months of generic production alone. In an effort to forestall large sales declines, some brand-name pharmaceutical companies are scrambling to delay generic production. One measure brand-name ph...

Real-time communication and coordination account as one of the most important challenges in wireless sensor actor networks (WSANs). However, existing mechanisms and architectures for WSANs suffer from the lack of any optimal real-time task allocation to support real-time communications. In this paper we present a formal structure for optimal task allocation in WSANs. To do so, periodic tasks ar...

Organic production in the Republic of Serbia is controlled production, officially regulated by Law on Production ("Official Gazette Serbia", No. 30/10, 17/2019) that provided legal basis for adoption regulations - Rulebook control and certification organic methods RS", 095/2020) documentation submitting certificate issuance authorized organization products trading requirements 88/16). The regul...