within communicative, interactive, and learner-centered framework of language teaching and learning, students need to learn four skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing for their educational success. but of all the language skills, reading enjoys a paramount significance in so many second or foreign language academic contexts. in spite of its importance, language learners still have...

this study investigated the effects of three kinds of gloss conditions, that is traditional non-call marginal gloss, audio gloss, and extended audio gloss, on reading comprehension and vocabulary gain of iranian upper- intermediate efl learners. to this end, three experimental and one control groups, each comprising 15 participants, took part in the current study. in order to ensure that the pa...

a large number of single research studies on the effects of strategy-based instruction (sbi) in teaching english as a foreign or second language has been conducted so far. however, the lack of a comprehensive meta-analysis targeting the effectiveness of english language sbi is observed. moreover, the findings of experimental studies regarding the context of the english language, proficiency lev...

The effect of Progressive muscle relaxation on happiness in nursing students Background and objective: Happiness, an evaluation of the individual and his life work, and issues such as life satisfaction, excitement and positive mood, lack of depression and anxiety are included. A person who is more than happiness, peace and security, making life better and finally there is hunky-dory. The...

the following question poped up: is there any relationship between iranian high school efl learners reading comprehension and listening comprehension? then the following null hypothesis (ho) was developed to the test the above, mentioned question. "there is no relationship between high school efl learners reading comprehension and listening comprehension. for nearly 16 weeks, the experimental g...

Background and purpose: The aim of this research was to compare the efficacy of relaxation, and relaxation combined by periodic visual stimulation and periodic audio stimulation on blood pressure and heart rate of university students. Materials and methods: This experimental study was conducted in 36 psychology students in Allameh Tabatabaee University. The students were randomly selected and...

Introduction & Objective: One of the most common diagnosis and therapeutic methods in cardiac disorders is Cardiac Catheterization that increases patient`s anxiety levels pre-operatively. Anxiety will enhance catecholamine’s level in blood and put the patients at risk in operation room. Foot reflexology massage and Benson relaxation cause comfort, tranquility and change of physiological respons...

abstract the present study investigated the effects of task types and involvement load hypothesis on incidental learning of 10 target words (tws) in junior high schools (jhss) in givi, ardabil. the tasks deployed in this study were two input-based tasks (reading plus dictionary use with an involvement index of 3, and reading plus gap-fill task with an involvement index of 2), and one output-ba...