BACKGROUND Patient outcomes in aesthetic breast surgery are highly dependent on breast measurements used in preoperative planning. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to determine the reliability of anthropometric breast measurements. METHODS Four raters measured 28 women using 7 measurements: sternal notch to nipple distance (Sn-N), nipple to midline (N-M), nipple to inframammary-fold ...

Introduction This module computes power and sample size for the test of agreement between two raters using the kappa statistic. The power calculations are based on the results in Flack, Afifi, Lachenbruch, and Schouten (1988). Calculations are based on ratings for k categories from two raters or judges. You are able to vary category frequencies on a single run of the procedure to analyze a wide...

An important assumption underlying meaningful comparisons of scores in rater-mediated assessments is that measurement is commensurate across raters. When raters differentially apply the standards established by an instrument, scores from different raters are on fundamentally different scales and no longer preserve a common meaning and basis for comparison. In this study, we developed a method t...

GOAL To assess the reliability of a reference standard for an information extraction task. SETTING Twenty-four physician raters from two sites and two specialties judged whether clinical conditions were present based on reading chest radiograph reports. METHODS Variance components, generalizability (reliability) coefficients, and the number of expert raters needed to generate a reliable ref...

Abstract Summary writing is essential for academic success, and has attracted renewed interest in research large-scale language test. However, less attention been paid to the development evaluation of scoring scales summary writing. This study reports on validation a rubric that represented an approach scale with limited resources out consideration practicality. Participants were 83 students th...

Study Design Reliability study. Purpose To examine the reliability of novice and experienced raters for measurements of the size and composition of the cervical extensor muscles using a thresholding technique. Overview of Literature Although some authors have reported on the dependability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of the cervical muscles, there remains some variabilit...

BACKGROUND Traditional focus groups have been essential to facial aesthetics research. Although they are currently the criterion standard in acquiring facial attractiveness ratings, they retain many shortcomings. This study's objectives were twofold: to determine whether attractiveness scores obtained from a social network site correlate with those from the traditional focus group method; and t...

Raters of corporations play an important role in assessing domains ranging from sustainability to corporate governance to best workplaces. Scholars increasingly rely on these ratings to test theories about corporate social responsibility (CSR), corporate governance and the influence of stakeholders. Though these raters frequently develop sophisticated methodologies, we find they often diverge i...

The evolution of cooperation requires some mechanism that reduces the risk of exploitation for cooperative individuals. Recent studies have shown that men with wide faces are anti-social, and they are perceived that way by others. This suggests that people could use facial width to identify anti-social men and thus limit the risk of exploitation. To see if people can make accurate inferences li...

The aim of this study was to examine the interrater reliability (trained vs. untrained raters) and criterion-related validity (manual vs. automatic timing) of the 4 × 10-m shuttle run and 30-m running speed tests (times measured). The study comprised 85 adolescents (38 girls) aged 13.0-16.9 years from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence study. The time required to comple...