Neurons in the songbird forebrain area HVc (hyperstriatum ventrale pars caudale or high vocal center) are sensitive to the temporal structure of the bird's own song and are capable of integrating auditory information over a period of several hundred milliseconds. Extracellular studies have shown that the responses of some HVc neurons depend on the combination and temporal order of syllables fro...

Respiratory afferent stimulation can elicit increases in respiratory motor output that outlast the period of stimulation by seconds to minutes [short-term potentiation (STP)]. This study examined the potential contribution of spinal mechanisms to STP in anesthetized, vagotomized, paralyzed rats. After C(1) spinal cord transection, stimulus trains (100 Hz, 5-60 s) of the C(1)-C(2) lateral funicu...

The aim of this study was to investigate the actions of silver nanoparticles (nano-Ag) on glutamatergic synaptic transmission and excitability in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons with whole cell patch technique. The amplitude of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) was inhibited by silver nano-particles (nano-Ag) (10⁻⁵ g/ml and 10⁻⁴ g/ml), but the amplitude and frequency of spon...

To reduce the size of the biosignal data is important because a huge amount of data is made by various experiments. In the paper, we efficiently compress the excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) which is one of the biosignal types. To the best of authors' knowledge, EPSPs compression has not been studied yet. The EPSP signal has a feature that the adjacent signals in single excitatory pos...

The impact of pentylenetetrazol-induced kindling on the effectiveness of theta pattern primed-bursts (PBs) for the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSP) and population spikes (PS) were investigated in hippocampal CA1 of pentylenetetrazol-kindled rats in vivo. The results showed that shortly after kindling, control animals had normal LTP of...

Little is known about the nature of the calcium channels controlling neurotransmitter release from preganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibres. In the present study, the effects of selective calcium channel antagonists and amiloride were investigated on ganglionic neurotransmission. Conventional intracellular recording and focal extracellular recording techniques were used in rat submandibular a...

In this study, we describe the putative mechanosensory neurons, which are involved in the control of avoidance behavior of the terrestrial snail Helix lucorum. These neurons, which were termed pleural ventrolateral (PlVL) neurons, mediated part of the withdrawal response of the animal via activation of the withdrawal interneurons. Between 15 and 30 pleural mechanosensory neurons were located on...

Intracellular recording techniques have been used to provide information on the identity of excitatory transmitters released at synapses formed between dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal cord neurones in two in vitro preparations. Explants of embryonic rat DRG were added to dissociated cultures of embryonic dorsal horn neurones and synaptic potentials recorded intracellularly from dorsal hor...

The membrane current activated by fast nicotinic excitation of intact and mature rat sympathetic neurons was studied at 37 degrees C, by using the two-microelectrode voltage-clamp technique. The excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) was modeled as the difference between two exponentials. A fast time constant (tau2; mean value 0.57 ms), which proves to be virtually voltage-independent, governs ...

In chemical synapses information flow is polarized. However, the postsynaptic cells can affect transmitter release via retrograde chemical signaling. Here we explored the hypothesis that, in large synapses, having large synaptic cleft resistance, transmitter release can be enhanced by electrical (ephaptic) signaling due to depolarization of the presynaptic release site induced by the excitatory...