Changes in activity or expression of transporters may account for alterations in cell behavior in diabetes. We sought to ascertain if mesangial cells (MC) grown in different glucose concentrations exhibit changes in activity and expression of acid-extruding transporters, the Na(+)/H(+) and Na(+)-dependent Cl(-)/HCO(-)(3) exchanger. pH(i) was determined by the use of the fluorescent pH-sensitive...

The paper discusses optimal operation of a general heat exchanger network with given structure, heat exchanger areas and stream data including predefined disturbances. A formulation of the steady state optimization problem is developed, which is easily adapted to any heat exchanger network. Using this model periodically for optimization, the operating conditions that minimize utility cost are f...

This report contains the results of attempting to improve on the results of Scott R. Sawyer and Alan M. L’Esperance research paper “Investigation of Paraffin Wax as an Energy Storage Medium Within a Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchanger.” The overall goal of the paper mentioned was to investigate the usefulness of wax as an energy storage medium. Scott R. Sawyer and Alan M. L’Esperance determined that ...

Temperature of fluid stream through tube is a key variable in shell and tube heat exchanger. However, this variable is not easy to measure straightly. Therefore, a state observer is designed to estimate the tube temperature variable for direct control of shell and tube heat exchanger. A dynamical state space model is used to describe the heat exchanger process. Kalman filter based observer is d...

The 89 kDa NH2-terminal domain of erythrocyte ankyrin is composed almost entirely of 22 tandem repeats of a 33 amino acid sequence and constitutes the binding site for the cytoplasmic NH2-terminal domain of the erythrocyte anion exchanger, AE1. We have developed an assay to evaluate the in vivo interaction between a fragment of ankyrin corresponding to this domain (ANK90) and two non-erythroid ...

Abstract—Liquid spray heat exchanger is the critical equipment of temperature regulating system by gaseous nitrogen which realizes the environment temperature in the range of -180 °C~+180 °C. Liquid nitrogen is atomized into smaller liquid drops through liquid nitrogen sprayer and then contacts with gaseous nitrogen to be cooled. By adjusting the pressure of liquid nitrogen and gaseous nitrogen...

Formate stimulates sodium chloride and fluid reabsorption in kidney proximal tubule, however, the exact cellular mechanism of this effect remains unknown. We hypothesized that the primary target of formate is the apical Na/H exchanger. Here we demonstrate that formate directly enhances the apical Na/H exchanger (NHE3) activity in mouse kidney proximal tubule. In the absence of CO2/HCO3, additio...

Cross flow water tube heat exchanger can be designed and made operational using methods of model building and simulation of the system. This paper projects the design and development of a model of cross flow water tube heat-exchanger system, simulation and validation of control analysis of different tuning methods. Feedback and override control system is developed using inputs acquired with the...

An experimental study on the effects of various factors(fin spacing, fin arrangement, air temperature, air humidity, and air velocity) on the frost growth and thermal performance of a finned-tube heat exchanger has been conducted under the frosting condition. It is found that the thermal performance of a heat exchanger is closely related to the blockage ratio of air flow passage due to the fros...

Existing refinery distillation systems are highly energy-intensive, and have complex column configurations that interact strongly with the associated heat exchanger network. An optimisation approach is developed for existing refinery distillation processes. The optimisation framework includes shortcut models developed for the simulation of the existing distillation column, and a retrofit shortc...