OBJECTIVES To demonstrate why the 'nil per os except medications' order is contraindicated prior to dysphagia testing and to recommend ways to prevent aspiration of medications in the dysphagic population. METHODS A 71-year-old male deemed at-risk for aspiration due to coughing when drinking thin liquids was made nil per os except medications and referred for dysphagia testing. Swallowing was...

Let X be any variety in characteristic zero. V?X an open subset that has toroidal singularities. We show the existence of a canonical desingularization except for V. It is morphism f:Y?X, which does not modify V and transforms into embedding Y, with singularities extending those on Moreover, exceptional divisor simple normal crossings Y. The theorem naturally generalizes Hironaka desingularizat...

background: this study was performed to evaluate the levels of heavy metals in the livers and kidneys of cattle, sheep and goats from a mining region in the west of iran. methods: in this cross-sectional study, 90 samples were collected from the livers and kidneys of cattle (n=30), sheep (n=30) and goats (n=30) from a slaughterhouse in hamedan city, western iran. lead, cadmium, manganese, zinc,...

en 1994, 125 carcases of camel (100 from isfahan and 25 from yazd) in slaughter - houses were studied for parasitic infections. seventy percent of the camels were infected with hydatid cyst and half of the males (50%) had testicular filaria identified as dipetalonema evansi. all the infected male camels except 3, demonstrated sheathed rnicrofilariae in their peripheral blood smears. although so...

This study was initiated to characterize urban and peri-urban sheep production systems and their economic importance in and around the towns of Debre Berhan and Dessie, Ethiopia. The study was undertaken using group discussions, structured questionnaire and personal observations. In both locations the majority of sheep producers were male household heads and predominantly traders in urban and f...