Glucagon from the pancreatic α-cells is a major blood glucose-regulating hormone whose most important role is to prevent hypoglycaemia that can be life-threatening due to the brain's strong dependence on glucose as energy source. Lack of blood glucose-lowering insulin after malfunction or autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic β-cells is the recognized cause of diabetes, but recent evidence i...

Breast cancer affects the lives of nearly 200,000 women every year. Progression of this disease is facilitated by the deregulation of molecular networks that create and maintain the mammary gland. Therefore, it is critical to identify these genetic networks because elucidating these pathways will identify therapeutic targets that may one day lead to better diagnostic markers, treatments, or met...

The ninth month of Islamic calendar is known as Ramadan, in which fasting is obligatory for every adult man and woman, except in certain health conditions and during travelling. Since Islamic jurisprudence follows the lunar calendar, which is about 11 days shorter than the Gregorian, Ramadan falls in different seasons throughout the year. The duration of fasting hence may differ by 11 to 18 hou...