This software fits a multivariate proportional hazards model to interval censored event data by a Bayesian approach. Right and interval censored data and a lognormal or gamma frailty term can be fitted. An example is studied and the output analysed. 1 The basic model The data, based on a sample of size n, consists of the triple (ti, δi,xi), i = 1, . . . , n where ti is the time on study for sub...

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence recently published guidelines on assessing and managing patients with multimorbidity. 2 These placed distinct and welcome emphasis on frailty—adding momentum to several recent, professionally led good practice resources and guidelines explicitly highlighting the importance of frailty in community and acute care and showcasing services that w...

BACKGROUND Frailty is an important geriatric condition with increased vulnerability to stressors (e.g., infection and injury) and for developing functional dependence and mortality. Impairments in signaling pathways, including neuroendocrine alterations, are thought to be involved in the etiology of frailty, but have not been well characterized to date. We evaluated whether higher levels and bl...

b a c k g r o u n d & aim: multi-state models can help better understand the process of chronic diseases such as cancers.  these models  are influenced  by assumptions  like individual  homogeneity.  this study aimed to investigate the effect of lack of individual homogeneity  assumption  in multi-state models. methods & materials: to investigate the effect of lack of individual homogeneity ass...

Frailty is a clinical syndrome defined by the age-related depletion of the individual's homeostatic reserves, determining an increased susceptibility to stressors and disproportionate exposure to negative health changes. The physiological systems that are involved in the determination of frailty are mutually interrelated, so that when decline starts in a given system, implications may also rega...

BACKGROUND Frailty predicts dependence and mortality, and is an important health indicator for aging populations. Comparing frailty prevalence between populations of the same ethnicity but different socioeconomic, lifestyle, health and social care systems, and environmental characteristics would address the role of these factors in contributing to frailty. METHODS We compare frailty prevalenc...

OBJECTIVES Population ageing has been associated with an increase in comorbid chronic disease, functional dependence, disability and associated higher health care costs. Frailty Syndromes have been proposed as a way to define this group within older persons. We explore whether frailty syndromes are a reliable methodology to quantify clinically significant frailty within hospital settings, and m...

This study aims to analyze which determinants predict frailty in general and each frailty domain (physical, psychological, and social), considering the integral conceptual model of frailty, and particularly to examine the contribution of medication in this prediction. A cross-sectional study was designed using a non-probabilistic sample of 252 community-dwelling elderly from three Portuguese ci...

Background Hospitalization events exact a substantial toll across the age spectrum. Frailty is associated with all-cause hospitalization among HIV-uninfected adults aged 65 years and older. Limited data exist on the frailty relationship to hospitalization among HIV-infected persons or those aged less than 65 years. Comparative investigation of the frailty relationship to specific classes of hos...

bubbles in asset prices have fascinated researchers in finance. identify asset bubbles, by circumstances, on the stock market has been a growing number of research theoretical and empirical. on a theoretical level, it was assumed that the price dynamics reflect irrational behavior of economic agents and, therefore, should be excluded from a deal with the truly rational economic agents burmeiste...