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Signalling through fibroblast growth factors (FGFR) is essential for proper morphogenesis in higher evolved triploblastic organisms. By screening for genes induced during morphogenesis in the diploblastic Hydra, we identified a receptor tyrosine kinase (kringelchen) with high similarity to FGFR tyrosine kinases. The gene is dynamically upregulated during budding, the asexual propagation of Hydr...

During forebrain morphogenesis, there is extensive reorganisation of the cells destined to form the eyes, telencephalon and diencephalon. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms that regulate region-specific behaviours and that maintain the coherence of cell populations undergoing specific morphogenetic processes. In this study, we show that the activity of the Eph/Ephrin signalling path...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess cone-beam computed (CBCT) sialography imaging in the detection of different changes associated with lesions of salivary glands. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study consisted of 8 cases with signs and symptoms from salivary gland lesions. Conventional sialography using digital panoramic and lateral oblique radiographs and CBCT sialography were perfo...

Growth and morphogenesis during embryonic development, asexual reproduction and regeneration require extensive remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). We used the simple metazoan Hydra to examine the fate of ECM during tissue morphogenesis and asexual budding. In growing Hydra, epithelial cells constantly move towards the extremities of the animal and into outgrowing buds. It is not known...

Smelt7 described several variations of the congenital anomaly which they termed tracheal lobe. Essentially, an otherwise normal right upper lobe bronchus originates above the tracheal carina or bifurcation and provides the customary three segmental divisions. There may, however, be a complete duplication of the right upper lobe bronchus by an ectopic tracheal bronchus. Usually the anterior and ...

The genes Emx1 and Emx2 are mouse cognates of a Drosophila head gap gene, empty spiracles, and their expression patterns have suggested their involvement in regional patterning of the forebrain. To define their functions we introduced mutations into these loci. The newborn Emx2 mutants displayed defects in archipallium structures that are believed to play essential roles in learning, memory and...

During embryonic development, pattern formation must be tightly synchronized with tissue morphogenesis to coordinate the establishment of the spatial identities of cells with their movements. In the vertebrate retina, patterning along the dorsal-ventral and nasal-temporal (anterior-posterior) axes is required for correct spatial representation in the retinotectal map. However, it is unknown how...

Gli3 is a transcriptional regulator of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling that functions as a repressor (Gli3(R)) or activator (Gli3(A)) depending upon cellular context. Previously, we have shown that Gli3(R) is required for the formation of mammary placodes #3 and #5. Here, we report that this early loss of Gli3 results in abnormal patterning of two critical regulators: Bmp4 and Tbx3, within the presumpt...

Optic cup morphogenesis (OCM) generates the basic structure of the vertebrate eye. Although it is commonly depicted as a series of epithelial sheet folding events, this does not represent an empirically supported model. Here, we combine four-dimensional imaging with custom cell tracking software and photoactivatable fluorophore labeling to determine the cellular dynamics underlying OCM in zebra...