In the title hydrated mol-ecular salt, C12H14N2S2 (2+)·2Cl(-)·2H2O, the dihedral angle between the benzene rings in the dication is 9.03 (17)° and the C-S-S-C torsion angle is 96.8 (2)°. The crystal packing can be described as alternating organic and anionic water layers lying parallel to (100), which are linked by N-H⋯Cl and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. O-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds and aromatic π-π stacking...

We prove that a set of N points on a two dimensional sphere satisfying a discrete energy condition determines at least a constant times N distinct distances. Homogeneous sets in the sense of Solymosi and Vu easily satisfy this condition, as do other sets that in the sense that will be made precise below respect the curvature properties of the sphere. The classical Erdös distance conjecture (EDC...

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, (C(8)H(10)NO(2))(4)[SnCl(6)]Cl(2), contains two (4-meth-oxy-carbon-yl)anilinium cations, one chloride anion and one half of a hexa-chlorido-stannate(IV) dianion situated on a twofold rotation axis. All aminium H atoms are involved in N-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonding, which consolidate the crystal packing along with weak C-H⋯O inter-actions.

In this paper, we report the most comprehensive equilibrium superacidity scale that is available to date. Contrary to most of the past works, this scale is set up in a medium of constant composition and the obtained acidity values characterize the acidities of molecules rather than acidities of media. The current scale is thus complementary to the well-known H(0) scale in the information that i...

Views of community assembly have traditionally been based on the contrasting perspectives of the deterministic niche paradigm and stochastic neutral models. This study sought to determine if we could use empirical interventions conceived from a niche and neutral perspective to change the diversity and evenness of the microbial community within a reactor treating wastewater and to see if there w...

In the crystal structure of the title compound, [Ag(3)Cl(C(8)H(15)N(3))(6)]Cl(2), the Ag(I) ion, which is located on a twofold rotation axis, exists in a T-shape coordination environment. Two carbene C atoms of the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands are bonded tightly forming a slightly bent [Ag(NHC)(2)](+) cation [C-Ag-C angle = 162.80 (18)°]. Three of these complex cations are further aggre...

Blowing bubbles: Hydrogen evolution by proton reduction with [(C(5)Me(5))(2)Fe] occurs at a soft interface between water and 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE). The reaction proceeds by proton transfer assisted by [(C(5)Me(5))(2)Fe] across the water-DCE interface with subsequent proton reduction in DCE. The interface essentially acts as a proton pump, allowing hydrogen evolution by directly using the aqu...

A model has been developed for diffusion controlled electrodeposition of metallic particles at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions. A rate law was derived for the case where no preferential nucleation sites are present. Palladium particles were deposited at the water 1,2-dichloroethane interface by reduction of aqueous ammonium palladate using butylferrocene in the organi...

Superchannel transmission spaced at the symbol rate, known as Nyquist spacing, has been demonstrated for effectively maximizing the optical communication channel capacity and spectral efficiency. However, the achievable capacity and reach of transmission systems using advanced modulation formats are affected by fibre nonlinearities and equalization enhanced phase noise (EEPN). Fibre nonlinearit...

We have set out an equation for partition of 87 neutral molecules from water to o-nitrophenyl octyl ether, NPOE, an equation for partition of the 87 neutral molecules and 21 ionic species from water to NPOE, and an equation for partition of 87 neutral molecules from the gas phase to NPOE. Comparison with equations for partition into other solvents shows that, as regards partition of neutral (no...