We examine the economic consequences of the partitioning of Africa among European powers in the late 19th century; a process historically known as the scramble for Africa. First, using information on the spatial distribution of African ethnicities before colonization we establish that border drawing was largely arbitrary. Apart from the land mass and water area of an ethnicity’s historical home...

Social cohesion theory is tested using data on ethnic intermarriage in former Yugoslavia. Before the disintegration of Yugoslavia, the proportion of marriages outside the own ethnic group was generally low, but in this respect large differences among the groups existed. The proportion of mixed marriages with a Serbian partner was much higher among the Montenegrins and Hungarians than among the ...

The transformations of the international system led to creation an arena in which ethnic and sectarian conflicts usually take place, governments try ignore or suppress demands internal religious groups when necessary, these differ from one political another break-up Yugoslavia is depicted as beginning emergence deconstruction cultural characteristics., because countries with racial diversity ar...

Balochistan exists in a state of conflict since the partition but, initially, nature was based upon future princely states that led to insurgency against federation Pakistan 1948, 1958, and 1963. After emergence as full province, shifted towards Baloch ethnic nationalism directed insurgencies during 1973 2004. The government claims all waves have huge foreign funding by rival states. While conc...

During Indonesia’s 2019 presidential election, significant religious and ethnic contestations occurred using hatred stigma in expressing support for favored candidates. This article focuses on the case of West Kalimantan Province which has a divided society memories ethnic-based bloody communal violence early 2000s. notifies that wherein Dayak, Javanese, Chinese voters tended to Joko Widodo (Jo...

Conflict is as old human race. Since the creation of country called Nigeria, there has been debate on issue peaceful coexistence among different ethnic groups and between two major religious groups, Christians Muslims. This paper explored conflicts in Nigeria. There are many research work carried upon Ethnic Nigeria but implications these girl-child limited. It this premise that based. issues b...

The sovereign archipelagos of the Maldives and Seychelles in the Indian Ocean are small island tourism economies (SITEs), both of which have small populations and are geographically isolated from the rest of the world. These two SITEs vary profoundly in their territorial size, total land area, prospects for self-reliance in economic development, and an overwhelming reliance on tourism as a sour...