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BACKGROUND Commentators have expressed concern regarding the existence of proper ethics review systems in developing countries. Our aim is to explore the extent with which investigators from countries in the Eastern Mediterranean (EM) Region consider several ethical practices in the conduct of their research. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Investigators from 12 countries in the EM region subm...

PURPOSE Independent ethical review committees safeguard participants in human research. The purpose of this study was to describe the current ethical guidelines for human research requirements in the Instructions to Authors of the English language medical journals previously studied in 1995. METHODS The instructions to authors of English language medicine journals from the Abridged Index Medi...

Truth commissions and commissions of inquiry are not new for Indigenous Peoples. In Guatemala, Peru, Australia, Chile, and Canada, Indigenous Peoples have been consulted, given statements, read reports, and more. Yet the larger question for Indigenous Peoples must be: how can a truth commission advance their longer-term vision of self-determination and full exercise of their political rights? C...

We analyse the system of ethical review of human research in the Baltic States by introducing the principle of equivalent stringency of ethical review, that is, research projects imposing equal risks and inconveniences on research participants should be subjected to equally stringent review procedures. We examine several examples of non-equivalence or asymmetry in the system of ethical review o...

E. Nemitz, M. A. Sutton, G. P. Wyers, R. P. Otjes, M. G. Mennen, E. M. van Putten, and M. W. Gallagher Atmospheric Sciences, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), Edinburgh Research Station, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, United Kingdom Energy research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), Postbus 1, 1755 Petten ZG, The Netherlands National Institute of Public Health and Environment ...

Data sharing poses complex ethical questions for data management. Manifold conflicting and shifting values need to be reconciled in pursuing viable data-management policies. For example, how does one make data available in useable form to stakeholders including scientists, governments and businesses worldwide, while assuring confidentiality, satisfying one's research ethics committee, protectin...

Objective: The main purpose of this research is review of principles, concepts, problems and solutions of soil ethic. Methods: In this research by descriptive method and Delphi technique was used for identifying soil ethical concepts, soil ethical principles, problems and difficulties of soil ethics in Iran and al around the world and suggestions for improvement of soil ethics in Iran. The popu...

The increasing use of multi-agent technologies in various areas raises the necessity of designing agents that judge ethical behaviors in context. This is why several works integrate ethical concepts in agents’ decision making processes. However, those approaches consider mainly an agent-centered perspective, letting aside the fact that agents are in interaction with other artificial agents or h...

Physical therapists (PTs) and physical therapist assistants (PTAs) confront ethical decisions everyday. The difficulty of such decisions range from situations of simply abiding by professional ethical standards and values to difficult scenarios in which there appear to be two competing obligations. An established sequence of steps in resolving difficult ethical situations can be helpful to insu...