background recognizing the importance of having a broad exploration of how cultural perspectives may shape thinking about ethical considerations, the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) funded four regional meetings in africa, asia, latin america, and the eastern mediterranean to explore these perspectives relevant to pandemic influenza preparedness and response. the meetings were ...

lthough of crucial importance, human trials of HIV vaccines should not go forward without appropriate attention to ethical considerations. This chapter provides an overview of the ethical considerations that arise in the design and conduct of clinical trials of preventive HIV vaccines.1 The primary focus of this chapter is on Phase III (efficacy) trials; however, many ethical issues relevant to...

This case raises ethical issues involving conflicts of interest arising from industrial funding of academic research; ethical responsibilities of laboratories to funding agencies; ethical responsibilities in the management of a research lab; ethical considerations in appropriate research design; communication in a research group; communication between advisor and graduate student; responsibilit...

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Nanotechnology is concerned with materials and systems whose structures and components exhibit novel physical, chemical, and biological properties due to their nanoscale size. This paper focuses on what is known as nanomedicine, referring to the application of nanotechnology to medicine. We consider the use and potentials of emerging nanoscience techniques in medicine such as nanosurgery, tissu...

This paper highlights three aspects in order to assist understanding of ethical entrepreneurship. First, it points out that ethical considerations enter at the individual and macro level of society, to impact on the running of business. Second, ethical imperatives are examined within a constrained entrepreneurship framework. Operating ethically presents opportunity albeit within constraint. Thi...

Background Priority setting in publicly financed healthcare systems should be guided by ethical norms and other considerations viewed as socially valuable, and we find several different approaches for how such norms and considerations guide priorities in healthcare decision-making. Common to many of these approaches is that interventions are ranked in relation to each other, following the appli...

A broad spectrum of infectious diseases is studied in vulnerable populations. However, ethical considerations of reporting research results that could increase stigmatization of socially marginalized and vulnerable populations are not often discussed in the medical literature, particularly not in the context of transmissible diseases. This article addresses ethical considerations that arose whe...