Estradiol, a major form of estrogen, plays crucial role in various aspects brain function, including neuronal health, synaptic plasticity, and cognitive processes. Therefore, it is interest to investigate the histopathological changes rat following estradiol treatment unilateral bilateral ovariectomized rats, commonly used method induce estrogen deficiency study consequences hormonal changes. T...

Vitamin D3 is a fat-soluble secosteroid responsible for enhancing intestinal absorption of calcium, iron, and other materials. Vitamin D3 deficiency, therefore, can cause health problems such as metabolic diseases, and bone disorder. Female sex hormones including estrogen and progesterone are biosynthesized mainly in the granulosa cells of ovary. In this study, we isolated granulosa cells from ...

Bone mass, bone geometry and its changes are based on trabecular and cortical bone remodeling. Whereas the effects of estrogen loss, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), glucocorticoid (GC) and bisphosphonate (BP) on trabecular bone remodeling have been well described, the effects of these conditions on the cortical bone geometry are less known. The present review will report current knowledge on the eff...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW We present an update on amenorrhea in adolescent girls and young women. Amenorrhea may herald the onset of estrogen deficiency, which can adversely affect peak bone mass and ultimate risk of osteoporosis. RECENT FINDINGS Adolescence is a critical period for bone accretion. Important modifiable factors that optimize bone accretion during this time are calcium intake, vitamin ...

The consequences of estrogen deficiency on the cardiovascular system have been widely examined in females. The effects of endogenous estrogen deficiency in males are less clear. The aromatase-knockout (ArKO) mouse lacks a functional Cyp19 gene, which encodes aromatase, and is thus incapable of synthesizing endogenous estrogen. In the present study, we examined the effect of lack of endogenous e...

Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is implicated in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis, and other metabolic bone diseases caused by estrogen deficiency. Previous studies have demonstrated that estrogen may stimulate OPG expression in osteoblast cells at the transcriptional level; however, whether estrogen can regulate OPG expression at a post-transcriptional level remains elusive. The present s...

Estrogen deficiency induced bone loss is associated with increased bone turnover in rats and humans. The respective roles of increased bone turnover and altered balance between bone formation and bone resorption in mediating estrogen deficiency-induced cancellous bone loss was investigated in ovariectomized rats. Ovariectomy resulted in increased bone turnover in the distal femur. However, canc...