This paper investigates the relationship between total energy consumption and GDP in six countries of the Middle East , including Iran,Pakistan,Saudi Arabia,Oman,Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates. The data are annual and spanning the period 1980-2012.We employed Hsiao’s (1981) methodology to examine causality relation between total energy consumption and GDP.The empirical findings show a uni...

Department of Chemistry, King Fahd Unive Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia Center of Research Excellence in Corrosio Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi sa; Fax: +966-13-8603996; Tel: +966-13-860 Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Halla 1WB, UK Corrosion & Protection Centre, School of M 9PL, UK Department of Biology, King Fahd Univer Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia † Electronic supplementary inform...

Middle East countries have begun to implement economic reforms to stimulate private investment, promote economic growth and support the transition to market economy. Although, it is difficult to define the direct impact of the accounting system reform on economic transformation, as there are many other conditions that have influence on the transition process. However, with the central position ...

Intestinal parasitic infections are common in mental institutions (Jeffrey, 1960; Yoeli et ai, 1972). In Saudi Arabia, previous studies have revealed that higher prevalences, especially of giardiasis and amebiasis, exist among residents of closed institutions such as orphanages, child nurseries, rehabilitation centers and schools com­ pared to urban or rural populations (AI-Madani et ai, 1989; ...

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has shown great commitment and support in past 10 years towards the higher education and transformation of manual governmental services to online through web. As a result number of university and egovernment websites increased but without following the proper accessibility guidelines. Due to this many disable peoples may not be fully benefited the contents available on u...

Background: Poisoning cases occur universally and have plagued mankind since antiquity. Keeping this in view, this study was contemplated to find the comparative overview of poisoning in India and Saudi Arabia to knows how the racial and cultural factors influence the pattern of poisoning. Material and Methods: A systematic web based search was conducted and original studies on poisoning publis...

Vanishing white matter disease (VWMD) is an under-diagnosed condition that affects the brains white matter at all ages, especially in the pediatric age group. It belongs to a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders, collectively known as eukaryotic initiation factor 2B-related disorders. The disorder has been described in different ethnic groups. Here, we describe a case of ...

1Department of Paediatrics; 2Department of Internal Medicine; 3Department of Infection Prevention and Control, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (Correspondence to Z.A. Memish: [email protected]). 4Department of Microbiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. 5Department of Microbiology, Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif, Saudi Arabia. ...

CONTEXT Respiratory physiotherapy plays a key role in the management and treatment of patients with respiratory diseases worldwide, yet this specialty is not well established in Saudi Arabia. AIMS To profile the attitudes among physicians and nurses toward physiotherapists working in respiratory care settings in Saudi Arabia. METHODS A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted...

SAMAR SALEH BAJRAI, BDS Dental Surgeon Faculty of Dentistry Ibn Sina National Hospital Jeddah 21418, Saudi Arabia T design features of many self-ligating brackets—sliding doors or spring clips, high profiles, and deep undercuts—can cause problems with indirect bonding, especially during tray removal. We use elastomeric ligatures to facilitate the procedure, as shown here with Damon 3MX* self-li...