Dust is referred to sediments of less than 100 microns in size which are transmitted as suspended particles. Dust storms are events which naturally occur in arid and semi-arid areas, especially in subtropical latitudes. One of the most known sources of dust is the west of Asia, including Arabian Peninsula, Syria, Iraq, and Iran, especially Khuzestan Province. The purpose of this study is to inv...

 Garden and Persian carpets of among the oldest phenomena in the course of history. There are some points which indicate that garden and carpet have been closely connected. Chaharbagh structures were important works of ancient pre-Islamic Iran, at Achaemenid and Sassanid periods and Ilkhanid era, especially in the Timurid and Safavid era. Like Chaharbagh style, Chaharbagh or Golestan motif...

any change in the refractive index of a laser active medium can lead to serious degradation of beam quality, laser beam modes, laser performance and variation in the intensity distribution. alteration in the refractive index of laser active medium is especially notable in high power lasers. it is clear that in the laser beam production, the pumping agent induces a great amount of heat which...