Monocular oscillatory-motion visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were measured in prospective and retrospective groups of infantile esotropia patients who had been aligned surgically at different ages. A nasalward-temporal response bias that is present prior to surgery was reduced below pre-surgery levels in the prospective group. Patients in the retrospective group who had been aligned before 2 yr...

To the Editors: Acquired progressive esotropia in patients with high myopia1 is caused by conversion of lateral rectus muscle function from abduction to infraduction, leading to impaired abduction and supraduction.2 Imaging techniques have revealed abnormal extraocular muscle position in these patients; the lateral rectus muscle is displaced inferiorly and the superior rectus muscle is shifted ...

In clinical diagnosis, we often imbue medical disorders with distinct personalities based on a constellation of findings with little understanding of their underlying causes. Our purpose here is to juxtapose intermittent exotropia and accommodative esotropia and to consider the possibility that they represent a continuum of horizontal deviation, rather than distinct mechanisms of disease. Over ...

A 5-year-old girl with right exophthalmos and esotropia presented to ophthalmology outpatient clinics. Orbital computed tomography revealed a 20- to 30-mm oval soft tissue mass lying superolateral to the right lateral rectus muscle in the orbit. The patient was operated on by a neurosurgical team, the csyt was removed totally, and examination of the pathologic specimen, which reveals the epider...

The success rate of large (6 and 7 mm) bimedial rectus recessions in 45 congenital esotropes with deviations of 50 prism dioptres or greater was found to be 91%. Judgment of final alignment was made six weeks postoperatively, with an average follow-up of 13 months. Large bimedial rectus recessions are an effective surgical treatment for congenital esotropia. This procedure does not significantl...

Botulinum toxin (BOTOX®) has been reported to have success as an alternative to traditional surgery for patients with infantile and early onset acquired strabismus. Selected cases with smaller angles may do well with botulinum toxin as a primary treatment; however, the large angle associated with most cases of infantile esotropia in my experience prevents its use. We report the use of botulinum...

Abducens palsy is one of the commonly encountered cranial nerve palsies in strabismus clinic. For large-angle esotropia, due to complete abducens palsies, various vertical recti transposition (VRT) procedures have been described. Hummelsheim and Jensen's procedure are especially popular among them. Risk of anterior segment ischemia and induced vertical deviation postVRT prompt to search for bet...