Urban planning applications (energy audits, investment, etc.) require an understanding of built infrastructure and its environment, i.e., both low-level, physical features (amount of vegetation, building area and geometry etc.), as well as higher-level concepts such as land use classes (which encode expert understanding of socio-economic end uses). Œis kind of data is expensive and laborintensi...

We propose Marve, a system for extracting measurement values, units, and related words from natural language text. Marve uses conditional random €elds (CRF) to identify measurement values and units, followed by a rule-based system to €nd related entities, descriptors and modi€ers within a sentence. Sentence tokens are represented by an undirected graphical model, and rules are based on part-of-...

BVDV, currently classified in the pestivirus genus of the family Flaviviridae, are small, enveloped viruses having a single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome. The BVDV genome is approximately 12.3 kb in length with a 5'-nontranslated region (NTR), a single large open reading frame (ORF), and a 3'-NTR lacking a poly(A)tail. The 5'-NTR contains an internal ribosome entry site that initiates tran...

Individuals with anxiety disorders and related personality traits are characterized by increased error-related brain activity, as measured by the error-related negativity (ERN) in simple speeded response tasks. An absent, or opposite, relation between anxiety and the ERN has been reported in studies that employed reinforcement learning paradigms with trial-to-trial feedback. Understanding the e...

Millions of users on the Internet discuss a variety of topics on ‹estion and Answer (Q&A) instances. However, not all instances and topics receive the same amount of aŠention, as some thrive and achieve self-sustaining levels of activity while others fail to aŠract users and either never grow beyond being a small niche community or become inactive. Hence, it is imperative to not only beŠer unde...

Just-in-time compilers and their aggressive speculative optimizations reduced the performance gap between dynamic and static languages drastically. To successfully speculate, compilers rely on the program variability observed at run time to be low, and use heuristics to determine when optimization is bene€cial. However, some variability paŠerns are hard to capture with heuristics. Specifically,...

The reinforcement learning model (Holroyd and Coles, 2002) argues that a feedback ERN is generated when the feedback is worse than expected. In the current experiment, we investigated whether the reinforcement learning system was also activated by unexpected feedback in a task in which feedback was not necessary to perform properly. A flankers task, in which false negative feedback was presente...

Oblivious RAM (ORAM) is a cryptographic primitive which obfuscates the access paŠerns to a storage thereby preventing privacy leakage. So far in the current literature, only ‘fully functional’ ORAMs are widely studied which can protect, at a cost of considerable performance penalty, against the strong adversaries who can monitor all read and write operations. However, recent research has shown ...

Psychological disengagement allows stigmatized individuals to cope with negative outcomes in stereotype-relevant domains, but its role in online performance monitoring and adjustment is unknown. This study examined how two forms of disengagement (devaluing and discounting) predict performance monitoring at an early (motivational) and later (interpretational) stage of error processing. Among min...

BACKGROUND Infection due to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is endemic in most cattle-producing countries throughout the world. The key elements of a BVDV control programme are biosecurity, elimination of persistently infected animals and surveillance. Bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) is a notifiable disease in Belgium and an official eradication programme started from January 2015, based on te...