Inorganic precipitation reactions are known to self-organize a variety of macroscopic structures, including hollow tubes. We discuss recent advances in this field with an emphasis on experiments similar to 'silica gardens'. These reactions involve metal salts and sodium silicate solution. Reactions triggered from reagent-loaded microbeads can produce tubes with inner radii of down to 3 μm. Dist...

The equilibrium iron isotope fractionation between lower mantle minerals and metallic iron at core-mantle boundary conditions can be evaluated from the high-pressure 57Fe partial vibrational density of states determined by synchrotron inelastic nuclear resonant x-ray scattering spectroscopy using a diamond anvil. Ferropericlase [(Mg,Fe)O] and (Fe,Mg)SiO3- post-perovskite are enriched in heavy i...

First-principles surface phase diagrams reveal that epitaxial monolayer graphene films on the Si side of 3C-SiC(111) can exist as thermodynamically stable phases in a narrow range of experimentally controllable conditions, defining a path to the highest quality graphene films. Our calculations are based on a van der Waals corrected density functional. The full, experimentally observed (6sqrt[3]...

In a decentralized supply chain, supplier-buyer negotiations have a dynamic aspect that requires both players to consider the impact of their decisions on future decisions made by their counterpart. The interaction generally couples strongly the price decision of the supplier and the quantity decision of the buyer. As a result, the outcome of the negotiation may not have an equilibrium. We prop...

removal of cesium from synthetic aqueous solution through adsorption on vermiculite, under batch equilibrium experimental condition at six initial values of ph (3, 4, 6, 9, 11 and 12) and five temperatures (25, 50, 75, 85 and 95 °c) has been investigated. it is necessary to propose a suitable model for a better understanding of the mechanism of cesium adsorption on vermiculite. for this propose...

The selectivity of measurements by means of affinity sensors in (quasi)equilibrium conditions and in non-equilibrium conditions was compared. The results show that the measurements in non-equilibrium conditions can reduce or even eliminate a relative contribution of interferents to a sensor signal.

Flow equations for dissipative quantum systems under non-equilibrium conditions This work investigates dissipative quantum systems by means of flow equations for Hamiltonians. We consider the time evolution of two models out of non-equilibrium initial states. As a first application the dis-sipative harmonic oscillator will be solved exactly. The insights gained will be used in the second and no...

In this paper we study mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints (MPECs) described by generalized equations in the extended form 0 ∈ G(x, y) +Q(x, y), where both mappings G and Q are set-valued. Such models arise, in particular, from certain optimization-related problems governed by variational inequalities and first-order optimality conditions in nondifferentiable programming. We esta...

This paper introduces and studies the optimal control problem with equilibrium constraints (OCPEC). The OCPEC is an optimal control problem with a mixed state and control equilibrium constraint formulated as a complementarity constraint and it can be seen as a dynamic mathematical program with equilibrium constraints. It provides a powerful modeling paradigm for many practical problems such as ...

A new maximum likelihood method to simultaneously estimate the parameters of any migration pattern from gene frequencies in stochastic equilibrium is developed, based on a model of multivariate genetic drift in a subdivided population. Motivated by simulations of this process in the simplified case of two subpopulations, problems related to the nuisance parameter q, the equilibrium gene frequen...