BACKGROUND This study is designed to evaluate whether the benefit which the residents received from the national health care system is equal in China. The perceived equality and benefit are used to measure the personal status of health care system, health status. This study examines variations in perceived equality and benefit of the national health care system between urban and rural residents...

This paper addresses the large degree of frictional wage dispersion in US data. The standard job matching model without on-the-job search cannot replicate this pattern. With on-the-job search, however, unemployed job searchers are more willing to accept low wage offers since they can continue to seek for better employment opportunities. This explains why observably identical workers may be paid...

In the era of gender equality, females’ work competency is praised and valued in the modern workplace, and physical gender becomes insignificant. However, does the difference of gender roles influence workers’ performance in the work environment? It is an important question. Hence, this study probed into relationship between gender roles, and job stress, and treats the Adversity Quotient as mod...

Sociology, computer networking and operations research provide evidence of the importance of fairness in queuing disciplines. Currently, there is no accepted model for characterizing fairness in parallel job scheduling. We introduce two fairness metrics intended for parallel job schedulers, both of which are based on models from sociology, networking, and operations research. The first metric i...

A memory profiler is a tool used by software developers to understand how an application uses the physical memory during its execution. Most programming environments are shipped with an accurate profiler. In case of an excessive memory consumption, a software developer may reduce the application memory footprint by examining a profiler report. Unfortunately, optimization opportunities are not a...

In this paper, first we define the notion of involutive operator on bounded involutive equality algebras and by using it, we introduce a new class of equality algebras that we called it a tense like equality algebra. Then we investigate some properties of tense like equality algebra. For two involutive bounded equality algebras and an equality homomorphism between them, we prove that the tense ...

This article focuses on unemployed job-seekers’ attitudes towards entry-level jobs in three areas of the service sector – retail, hospitality and call-centre work. The article examines whether job-seekers are reluctant to pursue these opportunities, and provides an analysis of the motives of those ruling out service work. A range of potential barriers is discussed, including the extent to which...