propofol is a widely used anesthetic drug because of its minor complication and also its fast effect. one of most popular complication in using this drug is pain during injection that is more sever in new generation of its components (lipid-free microemulsion). other complications of propofol are bradycardia and hypotension. this study compares 3 drugs with placebo in control of these complicat...

Cigarette smokers have an increased risk for coronary artery disease. Nicotine present in cigarettes can adversely affect the cardiovascular system via stimulation of both sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons. Caffeine, another cardiovascular and central nervous system (CNS) stimulant, is commonly found in Ephedra and Ephedra-free dietary supplements. These caffeine-containing supplements al...

Ephedra is an amphetamine-like compound with a potent sympathomimetic effect. Ephedrine, its active component, is widely used for weight loss, to enhance athletic performance or as component of some drugs. Its cardiovascular effects include tachycardia, increased inotropy, arterial vasoconstriction and hypertension, and these are the effects for which it is used therapeutically. However, it can...

Concerned with variations in abuse potential and control status among various isomers of ephedrines and norephedrines, this study was conducted to develop an effective method for the simultaneous analysis of eight ephedrine-related compounds along with structurally similar cathinones. Among various approaches studied, a 60-m HP-5MS (0.25 mm i.d., 0.25 microm film thickness) was successfully use...

Nutritional supplements containing Ephedra sinica (ma-huang), a botanical source of ephedrine-type alkaloids, have been linked to numerous episodes of ephedrine (EPH) toxicity. With passage of the 1994 Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act, nutritional supplements are no longer subject to the same FDA preapproval requirements as food additives, prescription, or nonprescription medications...

The present study compared the efficacy of preloading with colloid "Haemaccel" with vasoconstrictor (intravenous ephedrine sulphate) in preventing hypotension during propofol induction. This prospective, randomized study included 120 patients of Amercan Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I and II ageing 21 to 50 years of both gender coming for routine surgery. Patients were ran...

Arterial blood pressure was recorded directly in 11 normotensive subjects, in 11 patients with essential hypertension and in 10 patients with renovascular hypertension. The pressor response to intravenous injections of norepinephrine, tyramine, angiotensin and ephedrine was compared in these three groups. An infusion of angiotensin was then given and the pressor response to injections of norepi...

As potential activators of brown adipose tissue (BAT), mild cold exposure and sympathomimetic drugs have been considered as treatments for obesity and diabetes, but whether they activate the same pathways is unknown. In 10 healthy human volunteers, we found that the sympathomimetic ephedrine raised blood pressure, heart rate, and energy expenditure, and increased multiple circulating metabolite...

Phenylephrine is effective for the management of spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension in parturients undergoing cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia. While ephedrine was previously considered the vasopressor of choice in obstetric patients, phenylephrine is increasingly being used. This is largely due to studies suggesting improved fetal acid-base status with the use of phenylephrine as w...

In congenital myasthenic syndrome with DOK7 mutations ephedrine was reported to be beneficial in single patients. We carried out a small, open and prospective cohort study in eight European patients manifesting from birth to 12 years. Five patients showed limb-girdle and facial weakness, three a floppy infant syndrome with bulbar symptoms and/or respiratory distress. Ephedrine was started with ...