Microwave energy (MWe) is, nowadays, widely used as a clean synthesis tool to improve several chemical reactions, such as drug molecule synthesis, carbohydrate conversion and biomass pyrolysis. On the other hand, its exploitation in enzymatic reactions has only been fleetingly investigated and, hence, further study of MWe is required to reach a precise understanding of its potential in this fie...

TK (transketolase) undergoes inactivation during biocatalytic processes due to oxidation, substrate and product inhibition, reactivity of aldehyde substrates, irreversible inactivation at low pH, and dissociation of cofactors. However, the contribution of protein denaturation to each of these mechanisms is not fully understood. The urea-induced reversible denaturations of the apo- and holo-enzy...

Nitric oxide (NO) affects many physiological systems by activating cGMP signaling cascades through soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC). In the accepted model, NO binds to the sGC heme, activating the enzyme. Here, we report that in the presence of physiological concentrations of ATP and GTP, NO dissociation from the sGC heme is approximately 160 times slower than the rate of enzyme deactivation in ...

Telomeres and telomerase are nowadays exploring traits on targets for anticancer therapy. Telomerase is a unique reverse transcriptase enzyme, considered as a primary factor in almost all cancer cells, which is mainly responsible to regulate the telomere length. Hence, telomerase ensures the indefinite cell proliferation during malignancy-a hallmark of cancer-and this distinctive feature has pr...

Biological self-assemblies self- and cross-regulate each other via chemical reaction networks (CRNs) feedback. Although artificial transient have been realized activation/deactivation CRNs, the structures themselves do mostly not engage in CRN. We introduce a rational design approach for chemo-structural feedback, present colloidal co-assembly system, where formed co-assemblies accelerate their...

Glycerol-fatty acid esterification has been conducted with lipase from R. delemar in water/AOT/isooctane reverse micellar media, with the major product being l-monoglyceride, a useful food-emulsifier. 1,3-Diglyceride was also synthesized, but to a much lesser extent. For a given set of initial conditions, the reaction productivity, measured in terms of the initial product formation rate, Vo, an...

A simple model of an odorant flux detector including odorant uptake, activation of odorant receptor molecules and enzymatic odorant deactivation can produce different types of static dose-response relationships. Depending on the binding characteristics of the odorant to the receptor molecule and to the deactivating enzyme, the receptor occupation by the odorant as related to the odorant uptake ...

Reducing power consumption has become one of the biggest challenges in VLSI design. In control-flow intensive designs like networking and controller applications the largest fraction of power consumption in CMOS is caused by signal switches. The presented approach addresses the reduction of switching activity. This is basically done by state assignment concerning a given user-specified input pa...

OBJECTIVES Examination of sensorimotor activation alone in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients may not yield a comprehensive view of cerebral response to task stimulation. Additional information may be obtained by examining the negative BOLD response (deactivation). Aim of this work was to characterize activation and deactivation patterns during passive hand movements in MS patients. METHODS 13 ...