Invasive bacterial pathogens intervene at various stages and by various mechanisms with the mammalian plasminogen/plasmin system. A vast number of pathogens express plasmin(ogen) receptors that immobilize plasmin(ogen) on the bacterial surface, an event that enhances activation of plasminogen by mammalian plasminogen activators. Bacteria also influence secretion of plasminogen activators and th...

The allosteric mechanism of the heterodimeric enzyme imidazole glycerol phosphate synthase was studied in detail with solution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. We studied IGPS in complex with a series of allosteric activators corresponding to a large range of catalytic rate enhancements (26- to 4,900-fold), in which ligand binding is entropically drive...

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is a multifunctional enzyme that plays numerous roles, notably in brain development. CDK5 is activated through its association with the activators, p35 and p39, rather than by cyclins. Proteolytic procession of the N-terminal part of its activators has been linked to Alzheimer's disease and various other neuropathies. The interaction with the proteolytic product...

Phosphofructokinase (EC 2.7.1.11) from carrot roots was activated by a number of salts. Increase in salt concentration beyond the optimum generally led to a decrease in enzyme activity. Salts of the multivalent anions sulfate and phosphate were very effective activators and inhibitors. Potassium acetate and potassium succinate were also activators. Potassium tartrate and potassium citrate produ...

phane protects against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Toxicol Lett 2010; 192: 278–285 21. Yoon HY, Kang NI, Lee HK et al. Sulforaphane protects kidneys against ischemia-reperfusion injury through induction of the Nrf2-dependent phase 2 enzyme. Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 75: 2214–2223 22. Zheng H, Whitman SA, Wu W et al. Therapeutic potential of Nrf2 activators in streptozotocin-induced diabetic...

A central problem in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression is understanding how gene-specific transcriptional activators orchestrate the recruitment of the myriad proteins that are required for transcription initiation. An emerging view indicates that activators must first target two types of chromatin remodeling enzyme to the promoter region: an ATP-dependent SWI/SNF-like complex and a ...

Background The soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is a key enzyme involved in the production of the second messenger cGMP. Due its cardiovascular relevance, sGC has been the target of numerous drug discovery efforts leading to the development of many different activators and stimulators with pharmaceutical potential. One of such compounds is the sGC activator Cinaciguat (BAY 58-2667) which is in cl...

In the recently published results of the 1977 College of American Pathologists Enzymology Survey, Some anomalous results were obtained in measuring the creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) activity of the samples. The cause of these anomalies was discovered to be an arginine kinase (EC 2.7.3.3) contaminant in one of the enzyme pools used to make the samples. The contaminant shows cross reactivity with ...

The rate-limiting enzyme of anaerobic benzoate degradation by Rhodopseudomonas palustris, benzoyl coenzyme A (CoA) reductase, is highly sensitive to oxygen, and its synthesis is tightly regulated. We determined that a previously unknown gene in the benzoate gene cluster, badM, encodes a transcriptional repressor of benzoyl-CoA reductase gene expression. BadM controls gene expression from the be...

Abstract Cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa), a world-famous fruit, is subjected to rapid softening during ripening, resulting in shorter shelf life and severe economic losses storage transportation. However, there limited understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying differences fruit firmness ripening postharvest among cultivated strawberries. Here, we explored this by comparing...