Moles are considered pests in Britain, but this issue has been little studied. Lower welfare standards have been tolerated for moles than for most other managed wild mammal species, as use of both the controversial poison, strychnine, and unregulated traps have been permitted. Strychnine was withdrawn in 2006 and there were fears that mole populations would increase as a result. In 2007, we con...

BACKGROUND Neighborhood environment factors may influence physical activity (PA). The purpose of this study was to develop and test a brief instrument to systematically document and describe the type, features, amenities, quality and incivilities of a variety of PA resources. METHOD The one-page Physical Activity Resource Assessment (PARA) instrument was developed to assess all publicly avail...

In this paper a two period overlapping generation model with an urban and rural region is developed where the number of high skill individuals working in each region is determined endogenously. The basic model is modified to examine how migration behavior reacts to: 1) a knowledge externality introduced in the urban employment sector; and 2) introduction of rural amenities and the effect of an ...

Abstract Despite the plethora of studies on gentrification, knowledge about green gentrification is limited, especially in a South African context. Green process which providing amenities and cleaning up pollution attracts wealthier residents or tenants to previously rundown neighbourhood, thereby increasing property values. This paper explores whether characteristics can be identified transfor...

A method of estimating forest amenity value based on macroeconomic growth theory is presented. It relies on the assumption that more valuable forest amenities are provided by a forest with a more natural stand structure. We construct a forest naturalness index from stand data that provides a relative measure of the forest amenity provided regionally. This naturalness index is meant to assess th...

6.2.1 The traditional role of municipal bodies had been one of providing basic amenities of civic life. Services such as water supply and sanitation, roads and drains, street-lights, collection and disposal of solid waste, maintenance of public places, burial grounds and crematoria, cattle pounds, registration of births and deaths, maintenance of markets have long been seen as the function of m...

Low-density residential development in rural areas is an important land use trend many parts of the world, and has disproportionate ecological impacts due to its large footprint relative population. It widely suggested that this type change driven part by natural amenities, raising concern locations high value are most rapid develop. We examine contribution amenities probability low-density con...