In this paper we exploit a slight variant of a result previously proved in [11] to define a procedure which delivers the convex envelope of some bivariate functions over polytopes. The procedure is based on the solution of a KKT system and simplifies the derivation of the convex envelope with respect to previously proposed techniques. The procedure is applied to derive the convex envelope of th...

When viewed as a subset of R, the shape or geometry of the work envelope varies from robot to robot. However, the work envelope can also be viewed within the framework of joint space R. In joint space, the work envelope is typically characterised by bounds on linear combinations of joint variables. The constraints of this nature generate a convex polyhedron in R named the joint-space work envel...

Amplitude envelope co-varies with F0 in Mandarin lexical tones. It can cue lexical tone perception in a tone language such as Mandarin which uses different pitch contours for phonemic contrasts. The current study investigated whether amplitude envelope could also aid the perception of lexical tones in a language such as Cantonese which uses both pitch contour and relative pitch height for phone...

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) packaging requires prenylation of the HDV large protein (p27), as well as a direct protein-protein interaction between HDV proteins and hepatitis B virus (HBV) envelope protein domains. To investigate this interaction, we have analysed the binding capacity of baculovirus-expressed delta p24 and p27 proteins to synthetic peptides specific for the HBV envelope. Althoug...

Interaction of viral envelope proteins with host cell membranes has been extensively investigated in a number of systems. However, the biological relevance of these interactions in vivo has been hampered by the absence of adequate animal models. Reverse genetics using the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) genome highlighted important functional domains of the envelope protein involved in the viral li...

Background: A human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-based lentiviral vector (LV) pseudotyped by a variant of rabies envelope glycoprotein, FUG-B2, has previously been prepared and used in transfection of hippocampal CA1 ("Cornu Ammonis" area 1) neurons. This study aimed to verify reactive gliosis and neuronal damage after injection of the vector into the rat hippocampus. Methods: HEK 293T...

In some climates, massive buildings made of stone, masonry, concrete, earth and … can be utilized as one of the simplest and most effective ways of reducing building heating and cooling loads. Very often such savings could be achieved in the design stage of the building and with a relatively low-cost. Such declines in building envelope heat losses combined with optimized material configurati...

Using monoclonal antibodies, we followed the fate of three different nuclear envelope proteins during mitosis in Drosophila early embryos by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. Two of these proteins, lamin and otefin, a newly characterized nuclear envelope polypeptide with an apparent Mr of 53,000, are apparently present in an envelope-like structure that is present throughout mitosis. Immu...

Ultrashort pulses contain only a few optical cycles and exhibit broad spectra. Their carrier frequency is therefore not well defined and their description in terms of the standard slowly varying envelope approximation (SVEA) becomes questionable. Existing modeling approaches can be divided in two classes, namely generalized envelope equations, that stem from the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (...