If we separate energy in a holographic theory into an extensive part and an intrinsic part, where the extensive part is given by the cosmological constant, and assume entropy be given by the Gibbon-Hawking formula, the Cardy-Verlinde formula then implies an intrinsic part which agrees with a term recently proposed by Hsu and Zee. Moreover, the cosmological constant so derived is in the form of ...

For weakly coupled expanding maps on the unit circle, Bricmont and Kupiainen showed that the Sinai-Ruelle-Bowen (SRB) measure exists as a Gibbs state. Via thermodynamic formalism, we prove that this SRB measure is indeed the unique equilibrium state for a Hölder continuous potential function on the infinite dimensional phase space. For a more general class of lattice systems that are small pert...

This paper presents two variants of pentavalued representation for neutrosophic entropy. The first is an extension of Kaufman's formula and the second is an extension of Kosko's formula. Based on the primary three-valued information represented by the degree of truth, degree of falsity and degree of neutrality there are built some penta-valued representations that better highlights some specifi...

The holographic principle in a radiation dominated universe is extended to incorporate the case of a bulk-viscous cosmic fluid. This corresponds to a nonconformally invariant theory. Generalization of the Cardy-Verlinde entropy formula to the viscous case appears to be possible from a formal point of view, although we question on physical grounds the manner in which the Casimir energy is evalua...

If we separate energy in a holographic theory into an extensive part and an intrinsic part, where the extensive part is given by the cosmological constant, and assume entropy be given by the Gibbon-Hawking formula, the Cardy-Verlinde formula then implies an intrinsic part which agrees with a term recently proposed by Hsu and Zee. Moreover, the cosmological constant so derived is in the form of ...

We present a technique which improves the Kneser–Ney smoothing algorithm on small data sets for bigrams, and we develop a numerical algorithm which computes the parameters for the heuristic formula with a correction. We give motivation for the formula with correction on a simple example. Using the same example, we show the possible difficulties one may run into with the numerical algorithm. App...

If we separate energy in a holographic theory into an extensive part and an intrinsic part, where the extensive part is given by the cosmological constant, and assume entropy be given by the Gibbon-Hawking formula, the Cardy-Verlinde formula then implies an intrinsic part which agrees with a term recently proposed by Hsu and Zee. Moreover, the cosmological constant so derived is in the form of ...

The boundary beta function generates the renormalization group acting on the universality classes of one-dimensional quantum systems with boundary which are critical in the bulk but not critical at the boundary. We prove a gradient formula for the boundary beta function, expressing it as the gradient of the boundary entropy s at fixed nonzero temperature. The gradient formula implies that s dec...

The entropy solution of the equation [Formula: see text]is considered. Besides the usual initial value, only a partial boundary value is imposed. By choosing some special test functions, the stability of the solutions is obtained by Kruzkov's bi-variables method, provided that [Formula: see text] is an unit n-dimensional cube or the half space.

We consider the number of spanning trees in circulant graphs of βn vertices with generators depending linearly on n. The matrix tree theorem gives a closed formula of βn factors; while we derive a formula of β−1 factors. The spanning tree entropy of these graphs is then compared to the one of fixed generated circulant graphs.