A large-eddy simulation (LES) framework is developed for simulating the dynamics of clouds and boundary layers with closed water and entropy balances. The framework is based on the anelastic equations in a formulation that remains accurate for deep convection. As prognostic variables, it uses total water and entropy, which are conserved in adiabatic and reversible processes, including reversibl...

The discrete-time Gauss-Markov process is commonly used as a model in many source coding applications. A highly correlated Gauss-Markov process models the intensity along the motion trajectories encountered in time varying image coding. We investigate the rate-distortion performance of lossy coding schemes operating on such sources in the practically important low bit-rate region of less than o...

The Tsallis entropy is shown to be an additive entropy of degree-q that information scientists have been using for almost forty years. Neither is it a unique solution to the nonadditive functional equation from which random entropies are derived. Notions of additivity, extensivity and homogeneity are clarified. The relation between mean code lengths in coding theory and various expressions for ...

in this paper we introduce the concept of entropy operator for continuous systems of finite topological entropy. it is shown that it generates the kolmogorov entropy as a special case. if $phi$ is invertible then the entropy operator is bounded with the topological entropy of $phi$ as its norm.

Refractory high entropy alloys constituted of refractory alloying elements, such as W, Zr, Nb, Ti, Mo, Ta, and Hf, are great interest due to their widespread use in areas the defense, aerospace, nuclear power generation industries. one subgroups evaluated candidates for replacements superalloys commonly used at temperatures good mechanical properties corrosion oxidation resistance temperatures....

Given an irreducible sofic shift X, we show that an irreducible shift of finite type Y of lower entropy is a factor of X if and only if it is a factor of X by an open bi-continuing code. If these equivalent conditions hold and Y is mixing, then any code from a proper subshift of X to Y can be extended to an open bi-continuing code on X. These results are still valid when X is assumed to be only...

The genetic code is considered to be universal. In order to test if some statistical properties of the coding bacterial genome were due to inherent properties of the genetic code, we compared the autocorrelation function, the scaling properties and the maximum entropy of the distribution of distances of amino acids in sequences obtained by translating protein-coding regions from the genome of B...

A new entropy coding scheme for video compression is presented. Context models are utilized for efJicient prediction of the coding symbols. A novel binary adaptive arithmetic coding technique is employed to match the conditional entropy of the coding symbols given the context model estimates. The adaptation is also employed to keep track of non-stationary symbol statistics. Our new approach has...

Introduction Non-linear analysis techniques have been reported as a way of characterizing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) from electroencephalograms (EEG), which could be utilised for early and more accurate detection of the disease. Among them, entropy has been used increasingly for EEG studies since the introduction of Approximate Entropy (ApEn) and Sample Entropy (SampEn). A newly developed entropy...

A k-bit Hamming prefix code is a binary code with the following property: for any codeword x and any prefix y of another codeword, both x and y having the same length, the Hamming distance between x and y is at least k. Given an alphabet A = [a1, . . . , an] with corresponding probabilities [p1, . . . , pn], the k-bit Hamming prefix code problem is to find a k-bit Hamming prefix code for A with...