This paper analyzes frequency entrainment described by van der Pol and phase-locked loop (PLL) equations. The PLL equation represents the dynamics of a PLL circuit that appear in typical phase-locking phenomena. These two equations describe frequency entrainment by a periodic force. The entrainment originates from two different types of limit cycles: libration for the van der Pol equation and r...

Speech is crucial for communication in everyday life. Speech-brain entrainment, the alignment of neural activity to the slow temporal fluctuations (envelope) of acoustic speech input, is a ubiquitous element of current theories of speech processing. Associations between speech-brain entrainment and acoustic speech signal, listening task, and speech intelligibility have been observed repeatedly....

Three-dimensional large-eddy simulations of a smoke cloud beneath a strong inversion are used to investigate how grid resolution aaects simulated entrainment rate. These simulations are generalizations of a 1995 GCSS (GEWEX Cloud System Studies) smoke cloud model intercomparison (MacVean et al. 1997). Radiative cooling at the top of the smoke cloud induces convection in the smoke cloud in a man...

Speech recognition is robust to background noise. One underlying neural mechanism is that the auditory system segregates speech from the listening background and encodes it reliably. Such robust internal representation has been demonstrated in auditory cortex by neural activity entrained to the temporal envelope of speech. A paradox, however, then arises, as the spectro-temporal fine structure ...

Rotary entrainment is a phenomenon in which the interface of two immiscible fluids are subjected to external flux by means of rotation. Present work reports the experimental study on rotary motion of a horizontal cylinder between the interface of air and water to observe the penetration of gas inside the liquid. Experiments have been performed to establish entrainment of air mass in water along...

The entrainment across a stably stratified interface forced by convective motions is discussed in the light of the mixing efficiency of the entrainment process. The context is the convectively driven atmospheric boundary layer and we focus on the regime of equilibrium entrainment, i.e. when the boundary-layer evolution is in a quasi-steady state. The entrainment law is classically based on the ...

The concept of linked oscillators in biological control systems has long been established. Frequency entrainment is a predominant explanation behind many biological rhythms. In this paper a preliminary examination of electroencephalographic entrainment is made to survey the possibility and methods of achieving signal entrainment at the highest level of neurological organization and function. A ...

Mixed-layer budgets of boundary layer mass, moisture, and liquid water static energy are estimated from 6 days of data collected at 20°S, 85°W (a region of persistent stratocumulus) during the East Pacific Investigation of Climate (EPIC) stratocumulus cruise in 2001. These budgets are used to estimate a mean diurnal cycle of entrainment and, by diagnosing the fluxes of humidity and liquid water...

[1] This study investigates the ability of a droplet activation parameterization (which considers the effects of entrainment and mixing) to reproduce observed cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) in ambient clouds. Predictions of the parameterization are compared against cloud averages of CDNC from ambient cumulus and stratocumulus clouds sampled during CRYSTAL‐FACE (Key West, Florida, Jul...

Cognitive theories of dialogue hold that entrainment, the automatic alignment between dialogue partners at many levels of linguistic representation, is key to facilitating both production and comprehension in dialogue. In this paper we examine novel types of entrainment in two corpora—Switchboard and the Columbia Games corpus. We examine entrainment in use of high-frequency words (the most comm...