Identification of a new enterotoxin was accomplished by purification of the enterotoxin produced by staphylococcal strain FRI-326 and by preparation of specific antitoxin to the enterotoxin. Toxicity of the preparations was determined in rhesus monkeys, and specificity of the enterotoxin-antitoxin reaction was determined in gel diffusion plates. The enterotoxin was designated enterotoxin E.

In swine, the most common and severe enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infections are caused by strains that express K88 (F4)(+) fimbriae, heat-labile enterotoxin (LT), heat-stable enterotoxin b (STb), and enteroaggregative E. coli heat-stable toxin 1. Previous studies based on a design that involved enterotoxin genes cloned into a nontoxigenic fimbriated strain have suggested that LT but...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) is an important aetiological agent of acute diarrhoeal illness in humans. It is a fastidious anaerobe and takes 3-5 days when grown in culture, and test for enterotoxin detection requires additional time conventionally. The present study was aimed to standardize a rapid and sensitive diagnostic assay and to screen the presence ...

Staphylococcal enterotoxin types A and C, were observed by viscosimetry and near-ultraviolet difference spectroscopy to unfold at concentrations of aqueous guanidine hydrochloride greater than 1 M. Apparent rate constants of unfolding calculated from spectral curves differed markedly for the two enterotoxins. Rate constants for the unfolding of enterotoxin A in 2 or 3 M guanidine hydrochloride ...

PIcR is a pleiotropic regulator of extracellular virulence factors in the opportunistic human pathogen Bacillus cereus and the entomopathogenic Bacillus thuringiensis, and is induced in cells entering stationary phase. Among the genes regulated by PIcR are: pIcA, encoding phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC); plc, encoding phosphatidylcholine-preferring phospholipase C (PC-PLC...

Clostridium perfringens type C isolates cause enteritis necroticans in humans or necrotizing enteritis and enterotoxemia in domestic animals. Type C isolates always produce alpha toxin and beta toxin but often produce additional toxins, e.g., beta2 toxin or enterotoxin. Since plasmid carriage of toxin-encoding genes has not been systematically investigated for type C isolates, the current study...

Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) are a family of 17 major serological types of heat-stable enterotoxins that are one of the leading causes of gastroenteritis resulting from consumption of contaminated food. SEs are considered potential bioweapons. Many Staphylococcus aureus isolates contain multiple SEs. Because of the large number of SEs, serological typing and PCR typing are laborious and ti...

A total of 1002 Escherichia coli strains isolated from pre-weaned pigs with diarrhoea on 1114 swine farms were screened for the presence of the adhesin involved in diffuse adherence (AIDA) gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Escherichia coli isolates that carried AIDA genes were also tested by PCR for the detection of five fimbriae (F4, F5, F6, F18 and F41), heat-stable (STa, STb) and heat...

Sixty-nine strains of Clostridium perfringens of different toxigenic types were investigated for enterotoxin production. Enterotoxin was definitively detected only in strains of types A and C. This is the first report where enterotoxin production has been demonstrated in a toxigenic type other than type A. The exterotoxin-positive type C strains were isolated from cases of enteritis necroticans...