The flexibility of long reach manipulators presents a difficult control problem when accurate endpoint position is required. To maintain a desired tip trajectory, the residual vibration inherent to flexible systems must be eliminated. Unfortunately, vibration suppression is often difficult to achieve in systems whose parameters are a function of configuration. This paper discusses a modified co...

Analogous to the extension of laser cooling techniques from two-level to three-level atoms, Doppler cooling of molecules with an intermediate electronic state is considered. In particular, we use a rate-equation approach to simulate cooling of SiO+, in which population buildup in the intermediate state is prevented by its short lifetime. We determine that Doppler cooling of SiO+ can be accompli...

Speech enhancement systems performing in Fourier or wavelet domain usually generate musical noise and distortion. It is possible to reduce musical noise and speech distortion by shaping residual noise. In this paper, we propose to implement a noise shaping method for a wavelet based noise reduction system. For noise shaping, we propose a noise classification method based on spectral shape of in...

In this paper, a modified technique based on constellation shaping is proposed to reduce the peak-toaverage power ratio (PAPR) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. To accomplish significant reduction in PAPR, the energy compaction property of trigonometric transforms such as discrete cosine transform (DCT) is utilized in combination with the time domain constellation sh...

When do people take political action? What roles do values, elite rhetoric, and social norms play in motivating action? These questions are of obvious importance for those interested in political behavior; however, little work – other than research on participation – explores the impact of these various factors. This study offers a framework that generates hypotheses about the role of values, r...

This paper presents an interpretation in the Bond Graph domain of the Energy Shaping and Interconnection and Damping Assignment control methods, developed for the well-known Port-Controlled Hamiltonian Systems with Dissipation. In order to have a stable equilibrium at a prespecified state, the energy function is modified by adding storage elements to the BG such that the closedloop system energ...

A multi-dimensional shaping scheme based on multi-level Maximum Average Weight (MAW)-codes is presented.One can reduce the average energy of transmitted signal, by using low energy signal points more frequently than high energy ones. The proposed scheme employs a multi-dimensional region of 2,4,6 and 8 dimensions;these regions are selected using a multi-level MAW-code. A multi-level MAW-code is...