In this paper we show that conventional current-voltage spectroscopy can provide quantitative information on the dispersion relation of low-energy electrons monoelemental group-IV two-dimensional (2D) Dirac materials provided (1) 2D material is placed a substrate with band gap and (2) density states scanning tunneling microscopy tip constant. We have derived an expression for differential condu...

This Letter describes a method to generate nanometer scale patterns on insulating substrates and wide band gap materials using critical energy electron beam lithography. By operating at the critical energy (E2) where a charge balance between incoming and outgoing electrons leaves the surface neutral, charge-induced pattern distortions typically seen in e-beam lithography on insulators were prac...

We report experiments on quantum dot single-electron-tunneling (SET) transistors made from short multiwall nanotubes and threaded by magnetic flux. Such systems allow us to probe the electronic energy spectrum of the nanotube and its dependence on the magnetic field. Evidence is provided for the interconversion between gapped (semiconducting) and ungapped (metallic) states. Our tubes exhibit h/...

1 Introduction (1) We consider Schrr odinger operators with a spectral gap, perturbed by either a decreasing electric potential or a decreasing magnetic eld. The strength of these perturbations depends on a coupling parameter. With growing, eigenvalues may move into the gap or out of the gap. Most of our results concern (lower) bounds for the number of eigenvalues that cross a xed energy level ...

OBJECTIVE The present study describes the trajectory of the energy gap (energy imbalance) in the Canadian population from 1976 to 2003, its temporal relationship to adult obesity, and estimates the relative contribution of energy availability and expenditure to the energy gap. It also assesses which foods contributed the most to changes in available energy over the study period. DESIGN Annual...

We analyse the behavior of the density of states in a singlet s-wave superconductor with weak magnetic impurities in the clean limit by using the method of optimal fluctuation. We show that the density of states varies as lnN(E) ∝ −|E −∆0| near the mean field gap edge ∆0 in a d-dimensional superconductor. The optimal fluctuation in d > 1 is strongly anisotropic. We compare the density of states...

The effect of impurities on quantum chemical parameters of single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) was studied using density functional theory (DFT). The density of states (DOS), Fermi energy and thermodynamic energies of (5,5) carbon nanotubes were calculated in the presence of nitrogen impurity. It was found that this nanotube remains metallic after being doped with one nitrogen atom. The partial den...

In this paper, we study the effect of single Boron/Nitrogen impurityatom on electronic properties of a silicene nano flake. Our calculations are basedon density functional theory by using Gaussian package. Here, one Si atom insilicene nano flake substitutes with a Boron/Nitrogen atom. The results show thatsubstitution of one Si atom with single Boron/Nitrogen atom increases distanceof impurity ...

This paper attempts to cast light into the relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth in Greece in a multivariate framework. For this purpose we used cointegration techniques and the vector error correction model in order to capture short-run and long-run dynamics over the sample period 1970–2011. The empirical results reveal that in the long-run electricity demand appears...