The current non-linear programming method does not derive regional economic surpluses and may derive an imprecise maximized value of the total economic surplus. The main reason is that the integrals for supply functions will automatically take regional non-economic producer surpluses into account if any intercepts of supply functions is negative. Consequently, the derived values are always lowe...

This paper analyses both global and regional approaches to solving problems of energy security and ecological imbalance by addressing specifically the problems of China’s energy security. China’s growing energy dependence has become a major concern for both economic and national security policymakers in that country. The ambitious goal of modernization of the economy along the lines of the othe...

after the cold war and collapse of the bipolar system, the european :union: found more opportunity to play a role in regional and international arenas. on the other hand, russia was searching for a new status due to its widespread developments. changing the status of international system, emergence of new and powerful actors, expansion of the european :union: to the east and bordering with russ...

The current energy crisis in Nepal clearly indicates that the future energy-demand cannot be met by traditional energy-sources. Community-based micro-hydropower operations are considered to be one of the most feasible options for energy development. However, the power plant capacity factor remains very low due to limited commercial and business opportunities. Generation of hydrogen (H2) from th...

In information security, ignorance is not bliss. It is always stated that hiding the protocols (let the other be ignorant about it) does not increase the security of organizations. However, there are cases that ignorance creates protocols. In this paper, we propose distributed contingency logic, a proper extension of contingency (ignorance) logic. Intuitively, a formula is distributed contingen...