The future distribution network comprising different energy carriers will include small-scale energy resources (SSERs) and loads, known as a Networked multi-carrier microgrid (NMCMG). This concept not only leads to an efficient reduction in operation costs, but also encompasses the energy transformation between gas and electric networks at combined nodes, as well as district heating networks. I...

Light-induced generation of free charge carriers in semiconductors constitutes the physical basis of photodetection and photovoltaics. To maximize its efficiency, the energy of the photons must be entirely used for this purpose. This is highly challenging owing to the ultrafast thermalization of 'hot' carriers, which are created by absorption of high-energy photons. Thermalization leads to heat...

Thermoelectric transport in semiconductors is usually considered under small thermal gradients and when it is dominated by the role of the majority carriers. Not much is known about effects that arise under the large thermal gradients that can be established in high-temperature, small-scale electronic devices. Here, we report a surprisingly large asymmetry in self-heating of symmetric highly do...

Surface plasmon resonances confine electromagnetic fields to the nanoscale, producing high field strengths suitable for exploiting nonlinear optical properties. We examine the prospect of detecting and utilizing one such property in plasmonic metals: the imaginary part of the cubic susceptibility, which corresponds to two plasmons decaying together to produce high energy carriers. Here we prese...

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In most of today solar cells the absorption of photons, which results in the generation of the charge carriers, and the subsequent separation of the photo-generated charge carriers take place in semiconductor materials. Therefore, the semiconductor layers are the most important parts of a solar cell; they form the hart of the solar cell. There are a number of different semiconductor materials t...

The remarkable benefits associated with bringing to bear, the application of renewable energy carriers including fermentative hydrogen and methane, cannot be understated. Meanwhile, considering the tremendous benefits associated with the conversion of wastes to the two energy carriers (fermentative hydrogen and methane); people might be curious to know why the commercial application of the gree...

In the near future, an increase in cellular network density is expected to be one of the main enablers to boost the system capacity. This development will lead to an increase in the network energy consumption. In this context, we propose an energy efficient dynamic scheme for HSDPA+ (High Speed Downlink Packet AccessAdvanced) systems aggregating several carriers and which adapts dynamically to ...