We hypothesized that the ACE ID / ACTN3 R577X genotype combination was associated with sprint and endurance performance. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine the interaction between both ACE ID and ACTN3 R577X polymorphisms and sprint and endurance performance in swimmers. Genomic DNA was extracted from oral epithelial cells using GenElute Mammalian Genomic DNA Miniprep ...

Fluctuations in early developmental conditions can cause changes in growth trajectories that subsequently affect the adult phenotype. Here, we investigated whether compensatory growth has long-term consequences for patterns of senescence.Using three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus), we show that a brief period of dietary manipulation in early life affected skeletal growth rate not o...

Chlorella, a unicellular green alga, contains a variety of nutrients including amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. A previous animal study found that maximal swimming time in mice increased after 14 days on a diet including Chlorella powder compared to no change in swimming performance on a normal diet. However, it is currently unknown whether Chlorella-derived multicomponent su...

Larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) of two different age classes ("swim-up" larvae, 9 days old; "free-swimming" larvae, 21 days old) were exposed to either an endurance/continuous training or interval training. Control animals were kept in stagnant water. A comparison of cardiac activity of trained (either endurance or interval) and untrained animals at the end of the training regime revealed no dif...

The beta(2)-adrenergic agonist, clenbuterol, has powerful muscle anabolic and lipolytic effects and is used by athletes to improve exercise performance; however, its use in conjunction with different forms of exercise training has received limited attention. Since previous studies have reported that chronic use of other beta(2)-adrenergic agonists has deleterious effects on cardiac muscle struc...

—Despite its potential for determining animal success in a variety of ecologically important situations, very little is known about the sprint swimming performance of fishes. To evaluate whether selection on sprint swimming performance occurs in the wild, one must first demonstrate measurable and reproducible variation of sprint performance. In this study, we employ a computercontrolled laser d...

ABSTRACT Introduction: Fatigue is a manifestation of sub-health status, which causes serious negative effects in daily life. The antioxidant properties crocin have been widely investigated many diseases. However, no correlation between and fatigue was reported. Objective: To verify the anti-fatigue efficacy swimming-induced exhaustive time. Materials Methods: In this study, mice were treated wi...