Anatomical variations in root canal morphology are an enigma and it is this variability, which is often a complicating factor in a successful root canal treatment. To achieve success in endodontic therapy it is imperative that all the canals are located, cleaned and shaped and obturated three dimensionally. Maxillary first premolar having three separate roots has an incidence of 0.5-6%. Even ra...

background prevention or management of pain is an important objective in root canal treatment. post-endodontic pain has always been an important concern for patients and clinicians. informing patients regarding the possibility of postendodontic pain and drug administration for its management can improve their trust in dentists, raise their pain threshold and increase their tendency to seek furt...

This position statement represents a consensus of an expert committee convened by the European Society Endodontology (ESE) on endodontic management traumatized permanent teeth. A recent comprehensive review with detailed background information provides basis for this (Krastl et al. 2021, International Endodontic Journal, https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.13508). The is based current scienti?c evidenc...

Modern endodontic surgery involves both root-end preparation and proper sealing of all apical portals of exit. Both components are requirements for mechanical and biological success, but the management of soft tissues becomes increasingly important for an esthetically successful treatment. A healthy appearance of soft tissues plays an important role in the esthetic outcome of periradicular surg...

Vascular anomalies are localized defects in the vasculature that may or may not be present at birth. There are many types of vascular anomalies with different aetiology and clinical picture and, therefore, require the combined expertise of medical, radiological, and surgical specialities for its diagnosis and management. The term "haemangioma" is used as a common generic label to incorporate al...

Endodontic treatment plays an important role in achieving and maintaining good oral health by eliminating infection and preserving natural dentition. Success of endodontic treatment depends on accurate diagnosis and identification of all the canals. Therefore a thorough knowledge of root canal anatomy is necessary . Awareness and understanding of the presence of unusual root canal morphology co...