Cellular and humoral responses in animals are frequently induced by subcutaneous injection with antigen emulsified in an agent such as complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA). These emulsions are commonly prepared by repetitive mixing of aqueous and oil components in two coupled syringes (1). Although effective, this procedure is slow and tedious. Sonification has proven to be a more rapid alternative...

(King Institute of Preventive Medicine, Guindy) For testing every sample of blood the Kahn antigen emulsion has to be distributed in three varying volumes with the Kahn pipette. When a number of tests have to be performed, the time, labour and eye-strain involved in carefully transferring the antigen emulsion to the bottom of each tube are factors which require to be considered. The Kahn antige...

Water-in-oil emulsions are commonly used to provide persistent release of antigens necessary for sustained stimulation of the immune system. Optimal response of an animal's immune system is dependent upon repeated, maintained exposure to the antigen. The sustained release of antigen, which delays catab-olism, is thought to be one of the major methods by which adjuvants enhance the immune respon...

emulsion stability, viscoelastic rheological properties and particle size distribution of french dressing samples formulated with two types of commercial modified starch have been investigated. the product’s usual thickening agents, xanthan and guar gum, were 100% substituted by (2, 2.2%) of acetylated distarch adipate (ada) and hydroxypropylated distarch phosphate (hdp) from waxy maize starch....

Introduction: This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of chitosan Nano-gel/emulsion coating functionalized by Ziziphora clinopodioides essential oil (ZCEO) and nisin on growth inhibition of Escherichia coli O157: H7 inoculated in beef samples during 16 days in cold storage condition (4˚C). Methods: Beef sample ...

Entropy production in pipeline adiabatic flow of water-in-oil emulsions is investigated experimentally in three different diameter pipes. The dispersed-phase (water droplets) concentration of emulsion is varied from 0 to 41% vol. The entropy production rates in emulsion flow are compared with the values expected in single-phase flow of Newtonian fluids with the same properties (viscosity and de...

Emulsions have been stabilized by carbon nanotube-silica nanohybrids. The as-prepared nanotube-silica particles generate water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions, regardless of the water/oil volume ratio used. The emulsion volume fraction was much higher than that obtained with nanotubes only, and it was found to increase with water/oil ratio due to an increasing amount of water retained in the emulsion dr...

BACKGROUND Perfluoro-octyl bromide (PFOB), one of the perfluorochemical oxygen transporters, improved postischemic cardiac dysfunctions. Also norepinephrine (NE) is one of the important inducible factors on reperfusion arrhythmias (ventricular fibrillation [VF]). We used these methods to evaluate the relationship between PFOB emulsion and NE release on reperfusion arrhythmias. MATERIALS AND M...

Egg yolk lecithin (EYL) is a good source of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and it is different from soy lecithin (SL) in both fatty acid and phospholipid class composition. These factors may lead to different behavior in oxidative stability and emulsification properties in food systems. Therefore, these characteristics were investigated in this study. Emulsification...

This study investigated the effect of gum arabic (GA) combined with microbial transglutaminase (TG) on the functional properties of porcine myofibrillar protein (MP). As an indicator of functional property, heat-set gel and emulsion characteristics of MP treated with GA and/or TG were explored under varying NaCl concentrations (0.1-0.6 M). The GA improved thermal gelling ability of MP during th...